2006年考研英语阅读理解第三篇重点单词汇总+翻译(2006年考研英语难吗)

2006年考研英语阅读理解第三篇重点单词汇总+翻译
when prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange?happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct.?smaller species survived.?the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.?now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
当史前人类到达世界上某个新地方时，一些奇怪的事情发生在大型动物身上:它们突然灭绝了。而小型物种却能幸存下来。生长缓慢的大型动物容易被捕获，并迅速遭到猎杀，以致灭绝。现在，类似的情况可能正在海洋中发生。
that the seas are being overfished has been known for years.?what researchers such as ransom myers and boris worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.?they have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.?their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.?according to their latest paper published in nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.?in some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
海洋鱼类被过度捕捞的事实多年来一直为人所周知。兰森姆·迈尔斯和鲍里斯·沃尔姆等研究者向我们揭示了事情变化得有多快。他们研究了世界各地渔场半个世纪的数据。其研究方法并不是试图估算特定海域中鱼类的实际生物量(活体生物的数量)，而是估算生物量随着时间推移所发生的变化。根据他们最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇论文可知，新渔场在开发的前15年里，大型食肉鱼类猎食其他动物的鱼类)的生物量平均减少了80%。从那以后，在一些长期捕鱼的海域，生物量又减少了一半。
dr. worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.?one reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.?todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago.?that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.?in the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish.?some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since?no baited hooks would

have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.?furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.that is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
沃尔姆博士承认这些数据是保守的。原因之一是捕鱼技术提高了。如今的渔船能够使用50年前还没有的卫星和声呐寻找猎物。这意味着更大比例的海洋生物正在遭到捕捞，因此现在跟过去生物量的实际差异很可能比捕捞量变化所记录的差异更大。而且，早些时候，多钩长线上能够挂满更多的鱼。但因为用没有挂诱饵的鱼钩来诱捕它们，因此个别鱼可能会漏捕，这种情况会导致人们低估过去的鱼类储量。此外，在多钩长线捕鱼的早期，大量的鱼上钩以后又会被鲨鱼吃掉。如今，这不再是一个问题了，因为周围的鲨鱼变少了。
dr. myers and dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.?they believe the data?support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the .?the notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.?that matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.?most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do?business.
迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆博士认为他们的研究给出了一个未来捕捞管理工作必须考虑的正确基准。他们认为这些数据能够证明海洋生物学家普遍认可的观点，即“动态基准”这种观点认为:人们未能察觉到海洋里已经发生的巨大变化，因为他们一直以来只回顾过去相对较短时间内的情况。这很重要，因为“动态基准”理论指出:当目标物种的生物量大约是初始水平的50%时，渔场能够获得最大持续渔获量。大多数渔场却远远低于这一水平，这是一种有害的经营方式。
更多精彩内容请关注微信公众号【晓看天色暮看云ym】
?