2023年考研英语一真题及答案!速看 – 哔哩哔哩(2023年考研英语二真题及答案)

23考研英语一答案
一、完型填空。
caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the silk road in areas including china, north africa and the middle east. they were typically __1__ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of __2__.this word “caravanserais” is a __3__ of the persian word “karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. the perm caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__ merchants, travellers or pilgrims.from the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the __6__ of the caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. travellers on the silk road __7__ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being __8__ to extreme conditions. for this reason, caravanserais were strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time.?caravanserais served as an informal __10__ point for the various people who travelled the silk road. __11__, those structures became important centers for culture __12__ and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ talking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilizations.caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the silk road. __16__, it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and __17__ supplies for their own journeys. it is __18__ that around 120,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the silk road, __19__ only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__.1.a.displayedb.occupiedc.locatedd.equipped2.a.privatelyb.regularlyc.respectivelyd.permanently3.a.definitionb.transitionc.substitutiond.combination4.a.classifyb.recordc.described.connect5.a.apart fromb.instead ofc.such asd.along with6.a.constructionb.restorationc.impressiond.evaluation7.a.doubtedb.facedc.acceptedd.reduced8.a.assignedb.subjectedc.accustomedd.opposed9.a.so thatb.even ifc.now thatd.in case10.a.talkingb.startingc.breakingd.meeting11.a.by the wayb.on occasionc.in comparisond.as a result12.a.heritageb.revivalc.exchanged.status13.a.with regard tob.in spite ofc.as well asd.in line with14.a.completingb.influencingc.resumingd.pioneering15.a.aidedb.investedc.failedd.competed16.a.ratherb.indeedc.otherwised.however17.a.go in forb.stand up forc.close in ond.stock up on18.a.believedb.predictedc.recalledd.implied19.a.untilb.becausec.unlessd.although20.a.ruinsb.debtc.fashiond.series
第二题、阅读理解?????????????????????text 1the weather in texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the? temperature will be high at the state board of education meeting in austin this? month as officials debate how climate change is taught in texas schools.pat hardy, a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views? of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for? pre-teen pupils. these would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent? climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.“in the national standards, everything has to do with climate change — that’s? very lopsided,” she claims. “there are as many scientists working against all? the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it. texas? is an energy state and we need to recognise that. you need to remember where? your bread is buttered.”most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views. “what? millions of texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by? the political ideology of partisan board members, rathe

r than facts and sound? scholarship,” says dan quinn, senior communications strategist at the texas? freedom network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. “they? casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another? misguided opinion.”a study last year by the national center for science education, a non-profit? group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the? country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of us states? a grade b+ or higher. among the 10 worst performers were some of the most? populous states, including texas, which was given the lowest grade (f) and has a? disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.glenn branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level? science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises? decisions to local school boards. even if a state is considered a high performer? in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.another issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some? subjects and at some ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools —? it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects? that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. it is also less? prominent in many social studies courses.branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and? textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational? materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to? teachers. they include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy? industry associations.in other countries, the pattern of climate change practices in schools is? just as patchy. a study this year by unesco, the un agency, of educational? policies and curricula in 46 member nations showed that, while 92 per cent made? at least one reference to environmental themes, the depth of inclusion was very? low on average. more than half of members made no mention of climate change in? policy and curricula documents, and just 19 per cent discussed biodiversity.? “more needs to be done to prepare learners with the knowledge, skills, values? and attitudes to act for our planet,” the report concluded.aaron benavot, professor of education policy and leadership at the university? at albany, state university of new york, and one of the report’s co-authors,? warns that measurement remains difficult. “more and more countries are embedding? into their national curricula a topic like environmental studies or ecology,” he? says. “but, because climate education is not a separate subject, it’s difficult? to know how much time and priority it is given.”21.in paragraph1, the weather in texas is mentioned to__________a.forecast a policy shift in texas schools.b.stress the consequences of climate changec.indicate the atmosphere at the board meetingd.draw the public’s attention to energy shortages.22.what does quinn think of hardy?a.she exaggerates the existing panic.b.she denies the value of scientific workc.she shows no concern for pre-teens.d.she expresses self-contradictory views.23.the study mentioned in paragraph 5_________a.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.b.policy makers have little drive for science education.c.texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.d.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.24.according to branch, state-level science standards in the us_________a.call for regular revisionb.require urgent applicationc.have limited influenced.cater to local needs25.it is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some? schools______a.agree to major public demandsb.reflects teachers’ personal biasc.may misrepresent the energy sectord.can be swayed by external forces
text 2
communities throughout new england have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like airbnb took off in the 2010s. now with? record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there’s an increased? urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers? will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the? short-term rental market.in new hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent,? housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on? an already strained market. the state legislature recently voted against a bill? that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting? short-term rentals.“we are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,” said nick taylor,? executive director of the workforce housing coalition of the greater seacoast.? without enough affordable housing in southern new hampshire towns,“ employers? are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time? finding a place to live,” taylor said.however, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out? ryan castle, ceo of a local association of realter. “a lot of workers are? servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those? people coming in short term,” castle said,“ and so it’s a cyclical effect.”short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said keren horn,? an expert on affordable housing policy. “i think individuals being able to rent? out their second home is a good thing. if it’s their vacation home anyway, and? it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?” horn said. issues arise,? however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental? facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations. “i think the? question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising? it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?” horn? said.at the end of 2018, governor charlie baker of massachusetts signed a bill to? rein in those potential investor-buyers. the bill requires every rental host to? register with the state mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential? for local taxes on top of a new state levy. boston took things even further,? requiring renters to register with the city’s inspectional services? department.horn said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities? and towns, but “if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one? is we have to build a lot more.”26.which of the following is true of new england?a.its housing supply is at a very low level.b.its communities are in need of funding.c.its rental vacancy rate is going up slowlyd.its home prices are under strict control.27.the bill mentioned in paragraph 2 was intended to________a.curb short-term rental speculation.b.ensure the supply of cheap housing.c.punish illegal dealings in housing.d.allow a free short-term rental market.28.compared with castle, taylor is more likely to support________a.further investment in local tourism.b.an increase in affordable housing.c.strict management of real estate agents.d.a favorable policy for short-term workers.29.what does horn emphasize in paragraph 5?a.the urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.b.the efficient operation of the local housing market.c.the necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.d.the proper procedures for renting out spare houses.30.horn holds that imposing registration requirements is________a.an irrational decision.b.an unfeasible proposal.c.an unnecessary measure.d.an inadequate solution.
text 3
if you’re heading for your nearest branch of waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the uk, in search of the duchess of sussex’s new children’s book the? bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit, the same may be true? of the president’s daughter, the new thriller by bill clinton and james? patterson. both of these books are published next week by penguin random house(prh), a company currently involved in a stand-off with waterstones.the problem began late last year, when prh confirmed that it had introduced a? credit limit with waterstones “at a very significant level”. the trade magazine? the bookseller reported that waterstones branch managers were being told to? remove prh books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and? windows, and were“ quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.prh declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for waterstones told? me: “waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from prh, the? only publisher in the uk to place any limitations on our ability to trade. we? are not boycotting prh titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that? availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of? stock. we are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return? and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. certainly, our shops are? exceptionally busy. the sales for our may books of the month surpassed any month? since 2018.”in the meantime, prh authors have been the losers. big-name prh authors may? suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on waterstones? staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying? for an end to the dispute.it comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of? the proposed merger between prh and another big publisher, simon &? schuster—the reduction in the number of unaligned uk publishers is likely to? lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what? is published.“this is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power,” says? literary agent andrew lownie. “the publishing industry talks about diversity in? terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering? intellectual contact, choice and different voices. after all, many of the most? interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”we shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among? publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31.the author mentions two books in paragraph 1 to present_______a.an ongoing conflict.b.an intellectual concept.c.a prevailing sentiment.d.a literary phenomenon.32.why did waterstones shops retire prh books to their relevant sections?a.to make them easily noticeable.b.to comply with prh’s requirement.c.to respond to prh’s business move.d.to arrange them in a systematic way.33.what message does the spokesperson for waterstones seem to convey?a.their customers remain loyal.b.the credit limit will be removed.c.their stock is underestimated.d.the book market is rather slack.34.what can be one consequence of the current dispute?a.sales of books by mid-list prh writers fall off considerably.b.lesser-known prh writers become the target of criticism.c.waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors’ books.d.waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.35.which of the following statements best represents lownie’s view?a.small publishers ought to stick together.b.big publishers will lose their dominance.c.the publishing industry is having a hard time.d.the merger of publishers is a worrying trend.
text 4
scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. the? scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,? including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the titles? impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. the? careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the? number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the? citations attracted by these papers.citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to? inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. in 2016, researchers? developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including? groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of? journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their? publications. recently, another expression of this predatory behavior has? emerged: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other? editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise? contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.the advent of electronic publishing and authorst far behind. these journals can act as milk cows where every? single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers. in? some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the? article and the citations.the peculiar part is that the journal that the editor? is supposedly working for is not profiting at all — it is just providing? citations to other journals. such practices can lead an article to accrue more? than 150 citations in the same year that it was published.how insidious is this type of citation manipulation? in one example, an? individual — acting as author, editor, and consultant — was able to use at least? 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at? three universities. the problem is rampant in scopus, a citation database, which? includes a high number of the new “international” journals. in fact, a listing? in scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation? manipulation.scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice. red? flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year.? and for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities: when an? editor a reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate? references, do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36.according to paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determined? by__________.a.how many citations their works containb.how many times their papers are citedc.the prestige of the people they work withd.the status they have in scientific circles37.the support service consultancies tend to ____________.a.recommend journals to their clients.b.list citation patterns their clients.c.ask authors to include extra citationsd.advise contributors to cite each other38.the function of the “milk cow” journals is to __________.a.boost citation counts for certain authorsb.help scholars publish articles at low costc.instruct first-time contributors in citationd.increase the readership of new journals.39.what can be learned about scopus from the last two paragraphs ?a.it fosters competition among citation providersb.it has the capability to identify suspicious citationsc.it hinders the growth of journalsd.it established to prevent citation manipulation40.what should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?a.take legal actionb.demand an apology.c.seek professional adviced.reveal their misconduct
第三题、阅读理解
directions: the following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. for questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent? text by choosing from the list a-h and filling them into the numbered boxes.? paragraphs a, e and h have been correctly placed. mark your answers on the? answer sheet. (10 points)last year marked the 150th anniversary of a series of yellowstone photographs? by the renowned landscape photographer william henry jackson. jackson snapped? the 1st-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the tetons, old faithful and the? colorado rockies. on a late 19th-century expedition through the yellowstone? basin that was conducted by the head of the u.s. geological and geographical? survey of the territories, ferdinand v. hayden. the team included a? meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an agricultural? statistician.two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it,? was a novel one to many u.s. settlers. one of the turning points in public? support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the? yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.[c] as an effective washington operator, hayden sensed that he could? capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. he asked jackson to print out? large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of moran’s? paintings, to each member of congress. “the visualization, particularly those? photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,”? says murphy.[d] throughout the trip, jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes? using the “collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a? chemical mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a? portable darkroom. the crude technique required educated guesses on exposure? times, and involved heavy, awkward equipment — several men had to assist in its? transportation. despite these challenges, jackson captured dozens of striking? photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of old? faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. while veterans? of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid? photographs were another thing entirely.[e] the journey officially began in ogden, utah on june 8, 1871. over nearly? four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into montana and? traversed along the yellowstone river and around yellowstone lake. that fall,? they concluded the survey in fort bridger, wyoming.[f] though native americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long? recognized the area’s riches, most americans did not. that’s why hayden’s? expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the yellowstone river? region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna.? in addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists:? painter thomas moran and photographer william henry jackson were charged with? capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.[g] the bill proved largely popular and sailed through congress with large? majorities in favor. in quick succession, the senate and house passed? legislation protecting yellowstone in early 1872. that march, president ulysses? s. grant signed an act into law that established yellowstone as the world’s? first national park. some locals opposed the designation, the decision was? largely accepted — and jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to? protect the area. “i don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened? in the time frame that it did without those images,” says hansen, journalist and? author of prophets and moguls, rangers and rogues, bisonord bears: 100 years of? the national park service.perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that later? made its way to government officials. weeks after completing the expedition,? hayden collected his team’s observation into an extensive rep aimed at? convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government? agency like the department of interior that yellowstone ought to be? preserved.
a.[a]last year marked the 150th anniversary of a series of yellowstone ?photographs by the renowned landscape photographer william henry jackson. ?jackson snapped the 1st-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the tetons, old ?faithful and the colorado rockies. on a late 19th-century expedition through the ?yellowstone basin that was conducted by the head of the u.s. geological and ?geographical survey of the territories, ferdinand v. hayden. the team included a meteorologist, a zoologist, a mineralogist, and an gricultural ?statistician.
b.[b]two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting ?it, was a novel one to many u.s. settlers. one of the turning points in public ?support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the ?yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.
c.as an effective washington operator, hayden sensed that he could capitalize ?on the expedition’s stunning visuals. he asked jackson to print out large copies ?and distributed them, along with reproductions of moran’s paintings, to each ?member of congress. “the visualization, particularly those photographs, really ?hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says murphy.d.throughout the trip, jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using ?the “collodion process” that required him to coat the plates with a chemical ?mixture, then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable ?darkroom. the crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times, and ?involved heavy, awkward equipment — several men had to assist in its ?transportation. despite these challenges, jackson captured dozens of striking ?photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of old ?faithful, to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp. while veterans ?of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights, these vivid ?photographs were another thing entirely.e.the journey officially began in ogden, utah on june 8, 1871. over nearly ?four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into montana and ?traversed along the yellowstone river and around yellowstone lake. that fall, ?they concluded the survey in fort bridger, wyoming.f.though native americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long ?recognized the area’s riches, most americans did not. that’s why hayden’s ?expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the yellowstone river ?region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. ?in addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: ?painter thomas moran and photographer william henry jackson were charged with ?capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.g.the bill proved largely popular and sailed through congress with large ?majorities in favor. in quick succession, the senate and house passed ?legislation protecting yellowstone in early 1872. that march, president ulysses ?s. grant signed an act into law that established yellowstone as the world’s ?first national park. some locals opposed the designation, the decision was ?largely accepted — and jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to ?protect the area. “i don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened ?in the time frame that it did without those images,” says hansen, journalist and ?author of prophets and moguls, rangers and rogues, bisonord bears: 100 years of ?the national park service.
第4题、翻译题.however,the modernization process poses mounting threats tointangible? heritages. it is also pathetic to see elderly people in possessionof such? legacies pass away without transmitting them to the youngergeneration.? confronted with those challenges, we should both preserve andrejuvenatc our? ancestral heritagcs so that we can help contributc to culturaldiversity of the? world.part c(46) al can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of? customersregarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities, and fashions to provide? uniquecontent in marketing messages put out through social media.(47) some believe that al is ncgatively impacting on the marketers role? byreducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way? ofreducing costs and creating new information.(48) algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many of? these concerns, especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes ofusing ai? to interact with customers will? be(49) if customers are not willing to share data, al will be starved of? essential information and will not be able to function effectively or emplo? ymachine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.(50) the non-intrusive delivery of the marketing message in a way that? issensitive to the needs of target customers is one of the critical challenges? tothe digital marketer.第五题、写作parta51. directions :
write a notice to recruit a student for prof. smiths research projectioncampus sports activities. specify the duties and requirements of the job
do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. use “li ming” instead.
do not write the address. (10 points)
2023?年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)?试题答案
section i　use of english
1. c located
2. a privately
3. b transition
4. c describe
5. c such as
6.a construction
7. b faced
8. b subiected
9. a so that
use of englishsection i
10. d meeting
11.d as a result
12.c exchange
13. c as well as
文考研
14. b influencing
15. a aided
16. b indeed
17.d stock up on
18.a believed
19. d although
20. a ruins
section ireading comprehension
part a
directions: read the following four texts. answer the questions beloneach text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the answeksheet. (40 points)
text 1
21. in paragraph 1, the weather in texas is mentioned to
答案:c. indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting
22. what does quinn think of hardy?
答案:b. she denies the value of scientific work.
23. the study mentioned in paragraph 5
答案:a. climate education is insufficient at state public school
24. according to branch, state-level science standards in the us
答案:c. have limited influence
25. it is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools
答案:d. can be swayed by external forces
text 2
26.a[考点]?事实细节
[解析]?回文定位答案在第一段，由原文第二句
“with record-high home prices and historically low inventory”可知现行租房价格高，房屋库存少，即房屋供应紧缺
( its housing supply is at a very low rate ) ,故选择?a。
27.d[考点]事实细节
[解析]?根据题干中的?the bill?定位到第二段的末句，其中关键信息是illegal…restricting short-term rentals“限制短期租房是不合法的”，言外之意是可以“短期租房”，与?d allow a free short-term rental market“允许自由的短期租房市场”是一个意思。所以答案选?d。
28.b[考点]事实细节
[解析]本题是要对比两个人的观点，重点考核?taylor?的观点，定位到第三段。其中提到
without enough affordable housing …., employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live.由此可见?affordable housing?的重要性。因此?b?中的increase in affordable housing?与其是同义替换。所以答案选?b
29.c[考点]?事实细节
[解析]根据题干关键词“horn emphasize”定位到第五段，整段都是horn?的观点，a?选项中的?upgrade“升级”，文章没有提到。b?中的local housing market?也没有提到。c?中stop developers from evading taxes组织开发商偷税，与最后一句话
shouldn’t a developer …be treated and taxed??是同义转换，因此?c?正确d?中的?producers for renting“租房流程”文章没有提到，属于无中生有所以本题选?c。
30.d[考点]事实细节
[解析]本题是个人观点题，根据题干的
imposing registration requirement?定位到最后一段，后面提到了benefit, but have to build a lot more,对应?d?中的?nadequate“不充分”
text 3
31. a. an ongoing conflict.
32.c.to respond to prhs business move
33. b. the credit limit will be removed.
34.a. sales of books by mid-list prh writers fall off considerably.
35. d. the merger of publishers is a worrying trend
text 4
36.b
[考点]?事实细节
[解析]?本题为细节题，根据题干关键词可以定位到第一段最后?, the careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutionsdepend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but evenmore so on the citations attracted by these papers.?由本句中的?but evenmore so on the citations attracted by these papers.?可知，the careers ofscientists?更加依赖的是这些论文吸引的引用量，由此可知?b?选项“他们的论文被引用了多少次”为正确选项。
37.c
[考点]?事实细节
[解析]本题为细节题，根据题干关键词?the support serviceconsultancies可以定位到第二段最后一句recently,another expression ofso-called support servicethis predatory behavior has emerged:consultancies that provide language and other editorial support toindividual authors and to iournals sometimes advise contributors to add anumber of citations to their articles.本句最后提到“建议贡献者在他们的文章中添加一些引用”也即是说需要写文章的人自己添加引用，由此可知?c?选项，“要求作者添加额外的引用”为正确答案。而?d?选项““建议贡献者相互引用”为干扰项，文章并没有提到贡献者要相互引用
38.a
[考点]?事实细节
[解析]本题为细节题，根据题干信息“milk cow”可以定位到第三段第三句?these journals can act as milk cows where every single article inan issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers.?由本句可知“一期的每一篇文章都可以引用一篇或一系列论文”也即是说?milk cow?能够增加引用量，因此?a?选项“提高某些作者的引用量”为正确答案
39.b
[考点]?事实细节
[解析]本题是一题微观推理题，根据题干关键词?scopus?回文分别定位到第四段第二、三两句，以及第五段开篇部分。根据第五段开篇部分“scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice(scopus?本身拥有检测这种不当行为所需的所有数据。，说明?scopus有能力发现这种在论文引用上的不当行为，文中的“this malpractice”即指上文中的“citation manipulation”，对比四个选项，只有?b?项与原文形成呼应，故为正确答案。
40.d
[考点]?事实细节[解析]本题是一题事实细节题，根据题干关键词?author?和?dealwith citation manipulators?回文分别定位到第五段到三句“when an editora reviewer, or a support service asks you to add inappropriate referencesdo not oblige and do report the request to the journal.(当编辑、审稿人或支持服务要求你添加不适当的参考文献时，不要勉强，而是要向期刊报告这一要求)”。说明，作为作者，应能揭露这种行为。对比四个选项，只有?d?项与原文形成呼应，故为正确答案。
41. b 42. f 43. d 44. c 45. g
part c
(46) ai can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customersregarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities, and fashions to provide uniquecontent in marketing messages put out through social media[参考译文]?人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择，包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时尚，从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容。
(47) some believe that ai is negatively impacting on the marketers role byreducing creativity and removing jobs, but they are aware that it is a way olreducing costs and creating new information.
[参考译文]一些人认为，人工智能通过减少创造力和工作机会对营销人员产生了负面影响，但他们也意识到，这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。
(48) algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many ofthese concerns. especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes ofusing ai to interact with customers will be.
[参考译文]?用于刺激人际互动的算法正在引发许多此类担忧，尤其是在没有人非常确定使用人工智能与客户互动的结果会是什么情况下。
(49) if customers are not willing to share data al will be starved ofessential information and will not be able to function effectively or employmachine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.[参考译文]如果客户不愿意分享数据，人工智能将缺乏必要的信息,无法有效地发挥作用，也无法使用机器学习来改善其营销内容和传播
(50) the non-intrusive delivery of the marketing message in a way that issensitive to the needs of target customers is one of the critical challenges tothe digital marketer.
[参考译文]?以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入式地传递营销信息是数字营销人员面临的关键挑战之一。
section il writing (30 points
part a (10 points)
51. directions :
write a notice to recruit a student for prof. smiths research projectioncampus sports activities. specify the duties and requirements of the job
[参考范文]
notice
december 24,2022professor smith is looking for a student to join his research programregarding campus sports activities. the duties of the position require thatthe student collects data on campus sports activities to be analyzed by theresearch team. this includes observing various athletic events, speaking tostudent athletes, staff, and faculty, and documenting their experiencesin addition to data collection, the student will also be responsible fororganizing meetings with professor smith or other research team membersto discuss project progress. the successful applicant should be highlyorganized, patient, and have a keen interest and knowledge in sports
if you are interested in joining this research program, please contact usat email@123.com to apply
students’union
part b (20 points)
[参考范文]
unfolded in the elaborately painted cartoon is an eye-catching andthought-stimulating scene: some young men are rowing dragon boats, anca large number of people crowded to watch the game. an aged grandmaturned to her spouse and said cheerfully:?“it is wonderful that the dragonboat racing is getting increasingly lively in our village.’?apparently, whatthe cartoonist attempts to emphasize is the inheritance of traditionalculture.
there is no denying that our chinese, in recent years, have beenattaching great importance to the carrying of the traditional culture andbringing it to vitality. traditions are supposed to be inherited andadvocated from one generation to another. like tangible cultural heritagessuch as great wall and the forbidden city, intangible cultural heritageslike peking opera and celebration of traditional festivals are equallycrucial. as a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups ancwith time-honored history and civilization, china abounds in intangiblcultural heritages, which connect modern people to the historical pastallowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. without cultura.heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find ithard to cope with challenges at present and in the future
however, the modernization process poses mounting threats tointangible heritages. it is also pathetic to see elderly people in possessionof such legacies pass away without transmitting them to the youngergeneration. confronted with those challenges, we should both preserve andrejuvenate our ancestral heritages so that we can help contribute to culturadiversity of the world.
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