23考研外刊阅读《时代周刊》双语精读版训练–情绪不良有害肠胃健康

In a 2021 review, researchers noted that exposure to these and other endocrine disruptors from food, consumer products and the environmentmay increasethe risk of obesity by a similar magnitude as more co妹妹only cited culprits like lack of exercise or following a poor diet.

在2021年的一篇评述中，钻研职员指出，在食品、消费品和情况中接触到这些和其他内排泄滋扰物可能会增长肥胖的危害，其水平大致至关于缺少活动或饮食不良等和肥胖相干的更常见身分。

1.magnitude: the great size or importance of something

2.culprit: the reason for a particular problem or difficulty

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According to Hale, grief canthrowthe bodyoff course, upsetting thegastrointestinaltract. For starters, stress can activate the sympathetic nervous system, more co妹妹only known as the fight-or-flight response. In this survival state, “heart rate and blood pressure rise, as do levels of the hormone cortisol,” Hale adds. And when the body iswarding offdanger, it’s not focused on digestion or eating. And research has found that dietary changes can shift the microbiome in a matter of days.

按照黑尔的说法，哀痛会致使身体偏离本来的状况，侵扰肠胃体系。起首，压力可以激活交感神经体系，更常见的说法是“战役或逃跑”反响。在这类应激状况下，“心率和血压升高，荷尔蒙皮质醇程度也升高，”黑尔弥补道。当身体处在抵抗伤害的模式时，就不会专注于消化或进食。钻研发明，饮食产生扭转可以在几天内扭转微生物群。

While it’s well known that heartache can make the belly ache, research examining the connection betweenbereavementstress andguthealth is limited. However, one 2020 paper published in the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry suggests that “gut microbiota may play a role in influencing health outcomes following bereavement” because chronic and ongoing stress can disrupt the microbiome.

固然家喻户晓的是，肉痛会致使肚子疼，但关于丧亲压力和肠道康健之间接洽的钻研数目有限。但是，2020年颁发在《精力病学前沿》杂志上的一篇论文表白，“人们丧亲以后，肠道微生物群可能在影响康健状态方面阐扬感化”，由于持久且延续不竭的压力会侵扰微生物群。

Barely a decade ago, the brain was thought to be completely isolated from the rest of the body. So for Alvi?a, “the biggest mindset change” was the realization that the brain not only instructs the body to move and breathe, but that signals from the gut as well as other organs and tissues can also alter how the brain functions. How the mechanism behind this bidirectional co妹妹unication works is an open question, but several possible explanations have emerged.

就在十年前，人们还认为大脑与身体的其他部门是互相自力的。翻译划线句，长按文末小步伐码打卡，谜底下期颁布~这类双向交换暗地里的机制是若何运转的另有待会商，但已呈现了几种可能的诠释。

More directly, gut bacteria produce molecules such as dopamine and serotonin, which play vital roles in neural signaling. Low levels of these neurotransmitters can cause depression and neurological diseases like Parkinson’s.

更直接地说，肠道细菌发生多巴胺和血清素等份子，这些份子在神经旌旗灯号通报中阐扬着相当首要的感化。这些神经递质处于低程度会致使抑郁症和帕金森症等神经体系疾病。

These neurotransmitters might interact with the nerve endings of thevagusnerve—which is responsible for involuntary movements such as breathing and digestion, and connects the brain to most of the body’s organs, including the gut. Experiments on micebolsterthis view. For animals where the vagus nerve was cut, microbiome-mediated effects on their behavior disappeared.

这些神经递质可能会与迷走神经的神经末梢互相感化（迷走神经卖力如呼吸和消化等非自立勾当），并创建起大脑与大都身体器官（包含肠道）之间的接洽。在老鼠身长进行的实行也支撑了这一概念。对付迷走神经被堵截的动物，微生物群对其举动的影响消散了。

本文节选自：TIME（期间周刊）

公布时候：2022.07.02

辞汇堆集

1.gastrointestinal

/?ɡ?str???n?t?st?n?l/

adj.胃肠的

2.bereavement

/b??ri?vm?nt/

n.丧友，丧亲；损失

3.gut

/ɡ?t/

n.

肠，肠道; 勇气；(尤指大的)胃，肚子; 本能; 焦点，本色

v. 掏出……的内脏(以便烹调); 损坏(修建物)的内部

4.vagus

/?veɡ?s/

n.迷走神经

5. bolster

/?b??lst?/

v. 加强，鼓励; 巩固(职位地方)，增强; 改良，改良

n. 长枕，垫枕; 承梁(用于@支%8612C%持或削%B689T%减@磨擦); 托木

词组搭配

1.throw off course 离开轨道

2.ward off 避开；盖住

写作句总结

Barely a decade ago, the brain was thought to be completely isolated from the rest of the body.

布局: Barely … ago, … was thought to be completely isolated from the rest of ….

…前，…被认为与其它…互相自力

例句: Barely several centuries ago, the Americas was thought to be completely isolated from the rest of earth.

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外刊君为同窗们汇总了《考研数学高数思惟导图》，戳码复兴“高数”，下载pdf源文件。

（戳码复兴“高数”）

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