考研英语逻辑词汇汇总_origin(考研英语文章逻辑不通)
原标题:考研英语逻辑词汇汇总
考研英语阅读重在素材的积累,而词汇和短语更是素材积累的基础,这是我做木糖英语真题时悟出来的,考研英语大纲也不能全面的覆盖词汇和短语。下面整理总结了几种英语常见的逻辑关系词汇,方便大家记忆!常见的几种逻辑关系不论是阅读、完型还是作文,逻辑关系词的用法都无比重要。
第一, 表示因果(世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系)
1. 表示原因
because ( of ) =be responsible for = as = since =for = therein = root =origin ( al ) =causality = due ∕ owing ∕ thanks ∕according to = be attributed∕contributed to (原因是)= now ∕ in that =seeing ∕ considering ∕ given ( that ) = on account of =on this account = on ground of ∕ that (强调主观理由) = out of = for the sake of = in ( the ) light of = in view of ( the fact that ) = by ∕ in virtue of = by reason of = as a result ∕ consequence of = in consequence of =arise from = put sth down to sth(把……归因于……)
【注】 put down ① 把……归因于+ to sth ② 把……看作∕视为 put sth down as sth ③ 使(当众)出丑,让某人丢人现眼 ④ 写下,记下 ⑤ 将……提请(议会或委员会)审议 to put down a motion∕amendment 提交一项动议或修正案 ⑥ 登记,注册,列入名单 + for sth 例句:put me down for three tickets for saturday。
2. 表示结果
① so = hence =therefore = therefor = thereby = thereof = thereout = therewithal = thereupon = thus = consequent(ly)= result ( ing ) =effect =consequence = in consequence = as a result ∕ consequence = result in = accordingly = give rise to = lead to = arouse = agitate =awaken = fire up = provoke = spark = spur = stimulate = stir (激起,引起,引发,激发)= trigger = activate = prompt = set in motion = set off = contribute∕ attribute to = bring about ∕on =present =it follows ∕ turns out that …
② or else = otherwise 否则,要不然
【注】 or else 与 otherwise 既表示转折,又表示对比,还表示结果。
第二, 表示对比
1. 表示“相似性的”对比
① likewise = like =similar ( ly ) = akin = parallel ( with …) = analogous ∕ analogy = comparable = by ∕ in comparison ( with …) 与……相似的
② identical = same 完全相同的 = much as = as much 同……一样
be consistent with = consistently = be in agreement with = coincide with … = accord ∕agree with = match(意见、利益等) 与……一致的,相符的
2. 表示“差异性的”对比(这些词也be可以表示转折、强调)
unlike = by ∕ in contrast = in turn = in contrast to ∕ with = conversely = alternatively = on the contrary = contrary to = contrarily = on the other hand = otherwise = while = whereas = ( run ) counter to 与……相反的,但是,然而
3. 暂时无法确定是“差异性”还是“相似性”的
① 比较级、最高级 most important = dominant(ly)= largely
② of … and …
第三, 表示递进
① besides =therewith = as well as = as well = and = also = too = in addition ( to ) = moreover = furthermore = apart ∕ aside from
除……之外还,此外,而且,加之(用于“包括的”特殊人或事物前)
② that is ( to say ) = namely 也就是说(有补充解释说明的作用)
③ to put it another way = put another way = in other words 换句话说(有补充解释说明的作用)
④ simply put ∕ stated ∕ spoken 简言之
⑤ or rather 或者更确切地说
【注】 注意 besides 与 except 的区别。例如:① all of us passed besides john 。(约翰也及格了);② all of us passed except john 。(约翰没有及格) except 用于“不包括”的特殊人或事物前
第四, 表示补充(解释、说明)
① but = except ( for ) = apart ∕ aside from = other than
除……之外(都),常用于否定句中,用于“不包括”的特殊人
或事物前。
例如:① no one saw it but me 。
② there is nobody here other than me 。
② that is ( to say ) = namely 也就是说(有补充解释说明的作用)
③ to put it another way = put another way = in other words 换句话说(有补充解释说明的作用)
④ 冒号、破折号
第五, 表示让步
① despite = in spite of = notwithstanding = regardless ∕ irrespective of = out of account (不予考虑)= in disregard of = for all ( that ) = although = though = as = while = even (if)= much as (用于句首)虽然 = granting ∕ granted that
不管,不顾,尽管(有),虽然,即使
② after all 毕竟
③ certainly = of course = indeed = it is true that … 的确
④ undoubtedly = there is no doubt that … 毫无疑问的是……
⑤ admittedly = we have to admit that … 应该承认的是……
⑥ it may be true that … 或许真实的是……
⑦ there is no denying that … 不可否认的是……
⑧ to be sure = although ( 常与 but 连用)可以肯定的是…
⑨ at least 至少
第六, 表示转折
① instead ( of ) = rather than (是……)而不是
② but = yet = although = though = while = whereas = when = only = ( but ) rather = instead = still = nevertheless = nonetheless = much as(用于句首) 尽管如此,然而,虽然,但是
③ otherwise = or else 否则,要不然
④ in effect ∕ fact ∕reality = indeed = virtually 实际上,事实上,的确
【注】 although , though , while , whereas , to be sure , in effect ∕ fact , indeed 既表示让步,又表示转折。
第七, 表示条件
① if = providing ∕ provided ∕ suppose ∕ supposing that 如果,假如
② in case of = in the event of 万一……
③ failing 如果不能,如果没有
④ but for ∕ that 要不是, 若非(主句用虚拟语气)
⑤ unless 除非
⑥ as long as = only if 只要
⑦ on condition that … 条件是……
⑧ if only 但愿,要是……就好了(常与虚拟语气连用)
⑨ only if 必须在……的条件下(引导条件状语从句)
第八, 表示目的
① for fear of = lest 以免,以防
② for the sake of … = in the desire to do sth 为了……
③ in order to
【注】 for the sake of 既表示原因,又表示目的。
第九, 表示引出新对象
① about = concerning = regarding = with regard to = as for ∕ to = in respect of 关于
② in terms of 就……而论,在……方面
③ when it comes to … 当提到……时
④ as such 就其本身而言;就……的严格词义而言
第十, 表示强调
① above all = most important = valuable = dominant(ly)=largely = most leading = generally = mainly = chief = substantially= the first and more important = matter = signify = for the most part = most = a large proportion of 具有重要性, 最重要的是
② in effect ∕ fact ∕reality = indeed = virtually 事实上, 实际上,的确,其实
③ in any case = anyway = at any rate 无论如何,总之
④ 比较级、最高级
⑤ noteworthy = of note= notable = noticeable =striking= remarkable= marked = express (明确的) = evident = distinctly = obvious = clear ( lee ) = dominant =apparent =crystal (显而易见的) = realizing (清晰生动的,明确无误的) = worth mentioning= observable = spectacular = pronounced = dramatically = understandable= palpable= important= significant
显著的,值得注意的,明显的,显而易见的,清晰明了的
⑥ reinforce = stress = strengthen = emphasize = build (sth) up 加强,巩固,增加,强调
⑦ always = invariably = continually = consistently
⑧ considerably相当地
【注】 in effect ∕ fact∕reality , indeed 表示让步、转折、强调;比较级、最高级表示对比、强调。
第十一,表示总结
① on the whole = all in all =overall = in conclusion ∕ summary ∕ general = generally ( speaking )= as a whole =mainly = substantially = to sum up = conclude = come to the conclusion 总的来说
② in short ∕ brief = in a word 简而言之
③ in any case = at any rate = anyway 总之,无论如何
第十二,表示时间
① meanwhile = simultaneously = therewithal 同时地 = coincide with… 与……同时发生
crop 【c】 同时发生的事情;同时做某事的一群人,一批人 + of 如:the current crop of graduate trainees 目前这一批毕业实习生
② preceding = previous ( ly ) = former = prior to 先前的
③ subsequent = following = in the wake of = upon = after = latter 随后的
④ lattermost 最后的
⑤ of late = lately = recent = latterly 最近
⑥ to late= as yet = hitherto = up to the present = up to that point = so far 迄今为止
⑦ present ( ly ) = current ( ly ) =at present 当前的(地),现在
⑧ for the present 暂且,目前
⑨ around the clock 昼夜不停
⑩ no longer 不再
⑾ initial(ly)最初,开始 = at the beginning of initiatory 最初的
⑿ for a while 一会儿
⒀ perpetual∕perpetuity∕forever ∕for good∕permanent ∕chronic(长期的) 长久,永远
【注】 chronic ① (尤指疾病)长期的,慢性的,连续复发的 = continually recurring
例如:the country’s chronic unemployment problem 国家的长期失业问题
② 长期患病的,长期有某种习惯的 例如:a chronic alcoholic 酗酒成性的人
chronically 长期地,慢性地
反义词—intermittent = occasional(ly)= temporary 暂时的
⒁ before long 不久以后
⒂ long before 很久以前
第十三,表示举例
① like = such as = for instance ∕ example = take ∕ consider ∕ think of ∕ remember …( as an example ) = a good case in point is … =from … to …( to …) =to illustrate = as an illustration
② 并列的 there be 句型
③ let’s take a look at∕return to the example of…
④ in the case of… 比如在……
第十四,表示并列
① and ∕ also ∕ too=as well ∕ or = alternatively ∕ as well as
( 不但,而且 ) ∕ along with (连同……在一起)
② 分号
第十五,表示方式
① as if∕though 好像
② as 如……
③ just as 正如……
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