…转发】@博士圈【在线英语词典…来自考研学科英语培训…
??2021年全国硕士研讨生招生考试
英语（一）试题答案及解析
section i use of english
directions:
read the following text. choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on the answer sheet. (10 points)
today, we live in a world where gps systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones. ??1 ??of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. but phones ??2 ??on batteries……
1. [a] few [b] more [c] some [d]all
2. [a] put [b] take ???[c] run ???[d]come
3. [a] since [b] until ???[c] though ???[d]if
4. [a] formally [b]literally??????[c]gradually???[d]relatively
5. [a] around [b] away ???[c] back ???[d]next
6. [a] onto [b] along [c] across ???[d]off
7. [a] unattractive [b]unfamiliar?[c]unchanged????[d]uncrowded
8. [a] way [b] point [c] site ???[d]place
9. [a] instead [b] yet ??????[c] so ??????[d]besides
10.[a]immediately?[b]eventually???[c]unexpectedly??[d]intentionally
11. [a] frightened?[b] annoyed ??[c]surprised????[d]confused
12. [a] problem [b] result [c] view ???[d]option
13. [a] above all [b] for example?[c] on average?[d] in contrast
14. [a] spot [b] avoid [c] bridge ????[d]separate
15. [a] from [b] under [c] beyond ????[d]through
16. [a] posts [b] breaks [c] shades ????[d] links
17. [a] hidden [b] mysterious [c]artificial???[d]limited
18. [a] finally [b] consequently [c] incidentally [d] generally
19. [a] memories [b] belongings [c] notes ????[d]marks
20. [a] lead [b] adapt [c]restrict?????[d]expose
英语一·答案解析·完型填空
【1】
v?答案：a【few】
v?分析：语义题。前句已指出，当今，咱们日子在这样一个世界：咱们在手机上就可以运用全球定位体系、数字地图和其他导航app，这阐明手机对导航非常重要。因而，几乎没有人会不带手机直接走入森林，更契合语义，故a【few】（很少量，几乎没有）更契合辞意。
v?烦扰选项：b选项more（更多），c选项some（一些），d选项all（一切）。均不契合辞意。
【2】
v?答案：c【run】
v?分析：语义题+固定分配题。本题查询手机与电池之间的联络，根据常识可知，手机需要靠电池才干运转，故c【run】（运作，运转），为正确答案，且run on sth. 是固定分配，标明“靠……作业或运转”.
v?烦扰选项：a选项put (on)（穿上；举办），b选项take (on)（承担；呈现），d选项come (on)（来吧；发展），且come on常单独运用。均不契合辞意。
【3】
v?答案：d【if】
v?分析：逻辑联络题。阅读选项可知，本题为逻辑联络题。做题进程：1）断定联接成分：本题地址句由and联接，是一个无缺句，这今后a few tricks may help…也是一个无缺句，因而，联接成分为you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you… a north与a few tricks may help you… land 2）断定语义联络：前半句指出，你迷路了，身上没带手机，也没带攻略针，而且你……找不到北，一些办法可以会指引你……到有人迹的当地，其间一种就是沿着陆地走。不难判别，前面内容应为假定，后边内容为可以发生的情况。故d选项if（假定），表“条件”，更契合逻辑。
v?烦扰选项：a选项since（因为），表“缘由”；b选项until（直到）；c选项though（尽管），表“让步”。均不契合逻辑。
【4】
v?答案：b【literally】
v?分析：语义题。假定你迷路了，身上没带手机，也没带攻略针，而且你的确找不到北。更契合辞意。故b选项literally（的确地，真实地），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项formally（正式地），c选项gradually（逐步地），d选项relatively（相对低）。均不契合辞意。
【5】
v?答案：c【back】
v?分析：语义题。本题查询navigate（导航，指引方向）与civilization（文明；居住区）之间的联络。根据常识，假定你迷路了而且找不到北，那么一些办法会指引你回到有人迹的当地，契合辞意，故c选项back（回到），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项around（环绕；四处），b选项away（脱离；朝另一个方向），d选项next（离得近的；下一个的）。均不契合辞意。
【6】
v?答案：d【off】
v?分析：语义题。根据你需要答复的两个疑问之一：哪里有迩来的水源？不难揣度，人一般在迷路的时分才会思考这个疑问，故d选项off（脱离），为正确答案。off a trail标明脱离一条路，其实标明迷路，是get lost（迷路）的同义替换。
v?烦扰选项：a选项onto（到……上；朝……），b选项along（沿着），c选项across（穿过）。均不契合辞意。
【7】
v?答案：b【unfamiliar】
v?分析：逻辑联络题，因本题前面有标明转机的连词but，故本题为逻辑联络题。做题进程：1）断定联接成分：根据前面的标点“,”不难判别，but联接的成分为you find yourself off?a trail与not in a completely ??7 ??area of land。2）保证语义方向相反：前面指出，发现自个迷路，那么后边应与“迷路”相反，即不是在一块完全不了解的土地更契合逻辑。故b选项unfamiliar（不了解的），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项unattractive（不招引人的），c选项unchanged（未改动过的），d选项uncrowded（不拥堵的）。均不契合逻辑。
【8】
v?答案：a【way】
v?分析：语义题。根据两个问句后边的内容，人类大多居住在山谷，因为这儿可以供给淡水，不难推知，找到了下山的路，就可以找到人类的居住区。因而，我们需要答复的第一个疑问是：哪条路可以下山？故a选项【way】（路），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：b选项point（当地；观念），c选项site（当地；场所），d选项place（当地；居处）。均不契合辞意。
【9】
v?答案：c【so】
v?分析：逻辑联络题。阅读选项可知，本题为逻辑联络题。做题进程：1）断定联接成分：上句与本句，即humans overwhelmingly… water. 与if you head downhill, and follow any h2o you find, you should… people. 2）断定语义联络：上句指出人类大多居住在山谷，因为这儿可以供给淡水；下句指出，假定你向山下走，而且跟着水走，你大约……会发现人的痕迹。不难判别，前后为因果联络。故c选项so（因而），表“因果”，为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项instead（相反，而），表“转机”；b选项yet（可是），表“转机”；d选项besides（除……之外还），表“弥补”。均不契合逻辑。
【10】
v?答案：b【eventually】
v?分析：语义题。经过前面的尽力，即往山下走，跟着水走，你究竟就会发现人的痕迹，更契合辞意，故b选项eventually（究竟），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项immediately（马上），c选项unexpectedly（意外地），d选项intentionally（有意地）。均不契合辞意。
【11】
v?答案：c【surprised】
v?分析：语义题。破折号常用于引出对前面的内容的说明或发生的缘由，本题位于破折号后边，故须联系前面内容来判别。假定你之前探究过这个区域，要留心了解的表象。后边说到的a distinctive rock or tree均是对familiar sights的说明阐明。因而，你可以会惊奇，经过辨认一棵有特征的岩石或树木就能非常快速地找到方向。故c选项surprised（惊奇的），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项frightened（惧怕的），b选项annoyed（生气的），d选项confused（利诱的）。均不契合辞意。
【12】
v?答案：d【option】
v?分析：语义题。本题后边的标点“:”一般标明下文是上文的说明和发扬，故须晓得这今后的内容，向高处爬，而且寻找人类居住的痕迹。不难推知，这是关于上文说到的往山下走的另一种选择，故d选项option（选择），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项problem（疑问），b选项result（成果），c选项view（风光；视界；观念）。均不契合辞意。
【13】
v?答案：b【for example】
v?分析：逻辑联络题。阅读选项可知，本题为逻辑联络题。做题进程：1）断定联接成分：因选项均为介词短语，且位于句首，故联接上句与本句，即another… human habitation.与even in dense forest, … woods. 2）断定语义联络：上句指出，另一个选择是向高处爬，而且寻找人类居住的痕迹。下句指出，即就是在茂盛的森林里，你大约……因为公路、火车轨迹和其别我们……森林开凿的路而构成的树线缺口，不难推知，后边内容是前面寻找人类居住痕迹的例子，故b选项for example（例如），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项above all（首要，最重要的是），表“偏重”；c选项on average（均匀）；d选项in contrast（比较之下），表“比照”。均不契合逻辑。
【14】
v?答案：a【spot】
v?分析：语义题。根据上题可知，gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths （因为公路、火车轨迹和其别我们……森林开凿的路而构成的树线缺口），都是人类居住的痕迹，因而，我们需要留心这些痕迹。故a选项spot（发现，留心到），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：b选项avoid（避免），c选项bridge（弥合），d选项separate（使别离）。均不契合辞意。
【15】
v?答案：d【through】
v?分析：语义题+固定分配题。本题查询carve（开凿）与woods（森林）之间的联络，根据常识可知，路大约是穿过森林开凿出来的，故本句意为穿过森林开凿出的公路。故d选项through（穿过），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项from（从，来自），b选项under（在……下面），c选项beyond（超出）。均不契合……。
【16】
v?答案：b【breaks】
v?分析：语义题。前句已说到，要留心因为人为缘由此构成的gaps in the tree line（树线缺口），故不难判别，朝着有树木缺口的当地走，就能找到出去的路。gaps的近义词，b选项breaks（缺口，裂缝），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项posts（柱，桩），c选项shades（以背向阴处），d选项links（联络）。均不契合辞意。
v?。
【17】
v?答案：c【artificial】
v?分析：逻辑联络题。因题干中such as（例如），表总分联络，故本题为逻辑联络题。做题进程：1）断定联接成分： ??17 ??light sources与fires and streetlights（火与街灯）。2）断定语义方向：火与街灯的一起特征是：都是人工光源，故c选项artificial（人工的），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项hidden（躲藏的），b选项mysterious（奇妙的），d选项limited（有限的），均不契合辞意。
【18】
v?答案：a【finally】
v?分析：语义题。后边指出，假定你在人类常去的当地迷路，寻找咱们在地上上留下的……。因为前文现已罗列了几种情况，如当你在一个并非完全不了解的环境中迷路；当你在茂盛的森林中迷路，可知这是最终假定的一种情况。故a选项finally（最终），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：b选项consequently（成果），c选项incidentally（偶尔地），d选项generally（一般地）。均不契合辞意。
【19】
v?答案：d【marks】
v?分析：语义题。根据常识，在人类常去的当地，地上上必定有许多标志，故寻找咱们在地上上留下的标志，更契合辞意，d选项marks（标志），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：a选项memories（回想），b选项belongings（工业），c选项notes（记载；便签）。均不契合辞意。
【20】
v?答案：a【lead】
v?分析：语义题。路途上的树皮刻痕、轮胎印和其他特征可以指引你去有人迹的当地，更契合辞意，且与前文中的navigate同义。故a选项lead（引领），为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：b选项adapt（习气；改编），c选项restrict（捆绑），d选项expose（使露出）。均不契合辞意。
section ii reading comprehension
part a
directions:
read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points)
text 1
financial regulators in britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. starting next year…
the average time for holding a stock in both the united states and britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies…
in addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets…
in the us, the sarbanes-oxley act of 2002?has pushed most public companies to defer performance …
much more could be done to encourage “long-termism”, such as changes in the tax code …
within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think …
21. according to paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is to ______.
[a] enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility
[b] help corporations achieve larger profits
[c] guarantee the bonuses of top executives
[d] build a new system of financial regulation
22. alfred marshall is quoted to indicate ______.
[a] the conditions for generating quick profits
[b] “short-termism” in economic activities
[c] governments’ impatience in decision-making
[d] the solid structure of publicly traded companies
23. it is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be ______.
[a] temporary
[b] indirect
[c] minimal
[d] adverse
24. the us and france examples are used to illustrate ______.
[a] the significance of long-term thinking
[b] the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”
[c] the approaches to promoting “long-termism”
[d] the prevalence of short-term thinking
25. which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[a] frustration of risk-taking bankers
[b] failure of quarterly capitalism
[c] decisiveness required of top executives
[d] patience as a corporate virtue
英语一·答案解析·阅览第1篇
【21】
v?答案：a【enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility】
v?分析：本题为细节题。根据题干one motive可定位到第一段③④句the main purpose?of this “clawback”?rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions. yet officials also hope for?a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.③句首要介绍了施行新策的首要意图，④句弥补非有必要意图。其间③句中提及首要意图之一是让银行家为其不良的冒险行为担任，a选项对此同义变换，故正确。
v?烦扰选项：b选项掉包概念，原文提及larger benefit指施行新策的优点，不是公司获利。c选项正反混杂，原文为延期付出高层打点者的补助。d选项惹是生非，原文未提及。
【22】
v?答案：b【“short-termism” in economic activities】
v?分析：本题为例子题。根据题干alfred marshall首要定位到第二段②句具体论据有些，该论据证明的观念定位到本段①句“short-termism,” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the bank of england’s top economist, andrew haldane.“短期主义”已在揭露上市生意的公司中恶化，论据进一步说明了金融领域中“短期主义”的意义，故b选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：a选项惹是生非，原文未提及发生快速收益的条件。c选项掉包概念，原文为financial impatience指金融领域的烦躁，而不是政府。d选项惹是生非，原文未提及。
【23】
v?答案：d【adverse】
v?分析：本题为细节题。根据题干transient investment可定位到第三段②句transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder?a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.时刻短出资者会阻止公司对长时刻打开所做的尽力，故时刻短出资对公司的影响是晦气的，d选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：a选项答非所问，说明了transient的意义。b、c选项均惹是生非，原文未提及。
【24】
v?答案：c【the approaches to promoting “long-termism”】
v?分析：本题为例子题。根据题干the us and france example定位到第五、六段。该论据证明的观念定位到第六段①句much more could be done to encourage “long-termism”…此句承上启下，指明美国和法国的行动均是为了鼓舞“长时刻主义”，故c选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：a、b、d选项均惹是生非，使用原文单个表达，如long-term或 “short-termism”,进行烦扰。
【25】
v?答案：d【patience as a corporate virtue】
v?分析：本题为主旨粗心题。文章首段末句为转机句yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.指出施行新策更是为了推进长时刻抉择计划拟定。文章尾段末句britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.照顾最初，重现主题——鼓舞金融作业中的“长时刻主义”。“短期主义”在第二段②句中被描绘为financial impatience，故“长时刻主义”对应patience，d选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：a选项以偏概全，原文仅在最初提及银行家将对自个的冒险行为担任。b选项以偏概全，quarterly capitalism的低沉影响为文章有些信息。c选项掉包概念，全文环绕避免“短期主义”鼓舞“长时刻主义”打开，但文章中心不是需求高层领导者具有抉择计划力。
text 2
grade inflation—the gradual increase in average gpas (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated…
the use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates…
v?indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations…
26. what is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?
[a] the change of course catalogs.
[b] students’ indifference to gpas.
[c] colleges’ neglect of gpas.
[d] the influence of consumer culture.
27. what was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?
[a] to help freshmen adapt to college learning.
[b] to maintain colleges’ graduation rates.
[c] to prepare graduates for a challenging future.
[d] to increase universities’ income from tuition.
28. according to paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges to ______.
[a] obtain more financial support
[b] boost their student enrollments
[c] improve their teaching quality
[d] meet local governments’ needs
29. what does the phrase “to be aligned” (para. 6) most probably mean?
[a] to counterbalance each other.
[b] to complement each other.
[c] to be identical with each other.
[d] to be contradictory to each other.
30. the author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by ______.
[a] assessing its feasibility
[b] analyzing the causes behind it
[c] comparing different views on it
[d] listing its long-run effects
text 3
this year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of frankenstein; or, the modern prometheus, by mary shelley. even before the invention of the electric light bulb,?the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.
today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (ai) raises fundamental questions: “what is intelligence, identity, …
just how?people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says david eagleman, a stanford university neuroscientist. “we are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”
but that doesn’t mean crucial ethical…
?
31. mary shelley’s novel frankenstein?is mentioned because it ??????.
[a] fascinates ai scientists all over the world
[b] involves some concerns raised by al today
[c] has remained popular for as long as 200 years
[d] has sparked serious ethical controversies
32. in david eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledge of consciousness ??????.
[a] is too limited for us to reproduce it
[b] can be misleading to robot making
[c] helps explain artificial intelligence
[d] inspires popular sci-fi tv series
33. the solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles ??????.
[a] causes little public concern
[b] can hardly ever be found
[c] is still beyond our capacity
[d] has aroused much curiosity
34. the author’s attitude toward 谷歌’s pledges is one of ??????.
[a] respect
[b] skepticism
[c] contempt
[d] affirmation
35. which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[a] ai’s future: in the hands of tech giants
[b] the conscience of al: complex but inevitable
[c] frankenstein, the novel predicting the age of ai
[d] al shall be killers once out of control
英语一·答案解析·阅览第3篇
【31】
v?答案：b【involves some concerns raised by ai today】
v?分析：本题为主旨粗心题的抛砖引玉类型。根据题干mary shelley’s novel frankenstein首要定位到第一段①句。抛砖引玉办法引出的文章主题在“砖”（本题即novel frankenstein）之后，故定位到本段②句even before the invention of the electric light bulb,?the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.?此书的意义在于预估了科技致使的道德疑问，对应b选项（如今人工智能引发一些担忧）正确——②句中remarkable work指代novel frankenstein, ethical questions对应于b选项中some concerns，be raised by technologies对应于b选项中raised by ai。
v?烦扰选项：a选项惹是生非，使用远离定位方位的第三段②句中fascinated进行烦扰。c选项就事论事，使用200年与第一段①句two centuries同义替换，不是要引出的文章主旨。d选项掉包概念，原文为foreshadow指小说预示了科技致使的道德疑问，而不是spark激宣告严峻道德争议。
?
【32】
v?答案：a【is too limited for us to reproduce it】
v?分析：本题为细节题。根据题干david eagleman首要定位到第四段①句just how?people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says david eagleman…人如何思考这个疑问仍然太凌乱而难以了解，更不必提去使人的知道再生，对应a选项（咱们当下关于知道的晓得非常有限，难以使知道再生），故为正确答案。
v?烦扰选项：b选项掉包概念，原文第四段②句为：没有好的理论去说明如何缔造机器，b选项掉包成：咱们当下对知道的晓得会误导机器人的制造。c选项惹是生非，原文未提及协助说明人工智能。d选项偷梁换柱，集合第三段②句中的sci-fi tv series进行烦扰。
【33】
v?答案：c【is still beyond our capacity】
v?分析：本题为细节题。根据题干ethical issues和autonomous vehicles首要定位到第五段①②句。题干就主动驾御轿车引发的道德疑问的处置办法（solution）发问，需定位到下文⑤⑥句ai “vision”?today is?not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. and?to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is?a difficult programming problem.主动驾御轿车的人工智能“视界”不如人类视界精密，而且驾御景象的预估才能难以编程，可知当前仍难以处置这一道德疑问，故c选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：a选项（致使较少的社会重视）与d选项（致使较大的猎奇）均惹是生非，原文未提及。b选项（几乎从未被发现），表义过于必定，原文提及处置办法，只是当前难以完成。
【34】
v?答案：d【affirmation】
v?分析：本题为情绪题。根据题干谷歌’s pledges（保证；承诺）首要定位到第七段。作者情绪并未在第七段中体现，故定位到第8段①句while the statement?is vague, it represents one starting point. the statement（声明）指代前文中谷歌’s pledges，句意为：尽管这个声明有些迷糊，可是其代表着一个起点。可见作者关于谷歌’s pledges持必定情绪，故d选项正确。此外，根据情绪题的解题技巧，c选项contempt（轻视）可优先打扫。
v?烦扰选项：a选项respect（尊敬），原文未体现。b选项skepticism（置疑），与文中豪情颜色相反。c选项为不可以表达的情绪，可打扫。
?
【35】
v?答案：b【the conscience of ai: complex but inevitable】
v?分析：本题为主旨粗心题。文章中心可定位到文章第二段today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (ai) raises fundamental questions: “what is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? what makes humans humans?”和最终一段这篇文章中心环绕intelligence, identity, or consciousness，及与之有关的道德疑问，故b选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：a选项（科技巨子手握ai将来），惹是生非。c选项舍本求末，文章最初提及小说是为了引出文章中主旨，其本身并不是文章中心。d选项以偏概全，out of control只是呈如今文章最终一句only then will they be useful servants and not frankenstein’s out-of-control?monster.?故差错。
text 4
states will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a supreme court decision thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.
the supreme court’s opinion thursday …
?
36. the supreme court decision thursday will ??????.
[a] better businesses’ relations with states
[b] put most online businesses in a dilemma
[c] make more online shoppers pay sales tax
[d] force some sates to cut sales tax
37. it can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisions ??????.
[a] have led to the dominance of e-commerce
[b] have cost consumers a lot over the years
[c] were widely criticized by online purchasers
[d] were considered unfavorable by states
38. according to justice anthony kennedy, the physical presence rule has ??????.
[a] hindered economic development
[b] brought prosperity to the country
[c] harmed fair market competition
[d] boosted growth in states’ revenue
39. who are most likely to welcome the supreme court ruling?
[a] internet entrepreneurs.
[b] big-chain owners.
[c] third-party sellers.
[d] small retailers.
40. in dealing with the supreme court decision thursday, the author ??????.
[a] gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences
[b] describes the long and complicated process of its making
[c] presents its main points with conflicting views on them
[d] cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications
英语一·答案解析·阅览第4篇
【36】
v?答案：c【make more online shoppers pay sales tax】
v?分析：本题为细节题。根据题干supreme court decision thursday可定位到第一段states will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases?under a supreme court decision thursday?that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.c选项为force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases的同义替换，故c选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：a、b、c选项均惹是生非。
?
【37】
v?答案：d【were considered unfavorable by states】
v?分析：本题为细节揣度题。根据题干定位到第二三段。由第二段the supreme court’s opinion thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. the decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax?on certain online purchases.可揣度出被推翻的方针对政府收入晦气，故d选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：a选项惹是生非。b选项正反混杂，第三段②句customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.可知the overruled decisions并没有花customer/consumers许多钱，故b选项【have cost consumers a lot over the years】差错。c选项惹是生非。
?
【38】
v?答案：c【harmed fair market competition】
v?分析：本题为细节题。根据题干justice anthony kennedy可定位到第四段，本段③句kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”指出kennedy认为这项规则捆绑了政府寻求长时刻昌盛，并阻止了商场参加者的公正竞赛，?c选项对后半句同义变换，故正确。
v?烦扰选项：a选项掉包概念，原文为该方针捆绑了政府寻求长时刻昌盛，而不是阻止了经济打开。b选项正反混杂，（为国家带来昌盛）与原文语义相反。d选项正反混杂，根据第四段②句“each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the states,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices.，可知d选项（推进政府收入的增加）与原文语义相反。
【39】
v?答案：b【big-chain owners.】
v?分析：本题为细节题。根据题干the supreme court ruling可定位到第五段①句the ruling is a victory for big chains?with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already.由划线处a victory for big chains可揣度出big-chain owners最可以等待the supreme court ruling，故b选项正确。
v?烦扰选项：末段④句the small business & entrepreneurship council advocacy group said in a statement, “small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served?at all by this decision.”?指出这项抉择并未效能小型公司和互联网创业公司，故a选项【internet entrepreneurs.】和d选项【small retailers.】差错。c选项【third-party sellers.】虽在第五段④句amazon.com, with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers?who use the site don’t have to.中呈现过，但并未说到其会等待the supreme court ruling，故c选项差错。
【40】
v?答案：d【cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implications】
v?分析：本题为主旨粗心题中对华章规划的查询。文章开篇引出新政则；第二、三段描绘旧方针的坏处；第四段论说大法官的观念；第五、六、七段别离论说新方针对不一样集体的影响，为文章较为重要的有些。d选项首要归纳出后三段的首要内容，即经过介绍一些实例，论说新方针的内在，故为正确选项。
v?烦扰选项：a、b、c选项均与文章不符。
part b
directions:
the following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. for questions 4145, you are required to recognize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list ag and filling them into the numbered boxes. paragraphs g and e have been correctly placed. make your answers on the answer sheet. (10 points)
[a] the tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponent but in the better sense of learning about why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together …
order:
41
?
→
42
?
→
f
→
43
?
→
44
?
→
c
→
45
?
?
英语一·答案解析·新题型
【41】
v?答案：e【in his 1936 work how to win friends and influence people, dalo carnegie wrote: “there is…】
v?分析：此题需要判别首段，首段需要引入布景信息，而且无指代、无逻辑联络。阅读各个选项，a选项the tools有指代；b选项of course是逻辑联络特征；d选项无指代，可是只呈现carnegie而非e选项中的dalo carnegie；而g选项未能像e选项那样引入主题。故e选项正确。
【42】
v?答案：d【carnegie would be right if arguments were fights】
v?分析：e选项呈现carnegie的观念，选项中只需d选项再次呈现carnegie的观念。
【43】
v?答案：g【there is a better way to win arguments.】
v?分析：上段f末句呈现了none of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win–in one way.，为对these tricks的否定，g选项首句there is a better way to win arguments.提出了一个非常好的办法，构成转机联络，故g选项正确。
【44】
v?答案：b【of course, many discussions are not so successful.】
v?分析：上段g末句now we can understand each others’ positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.内容对应a选项中so successful。
【45】
v?答案：a【the tools can help you win every argument】
v?分析：上段c选项中next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. spell out their argument fully and charitably. assess its strength impartially. raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.别离罗列了四种说话办法，与a选项中tools对应。
part c
directions:
read the following text carefully …
it was only after i started …in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) there is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which…
(48)?attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.?this is the famed…
boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of …
英语一·答案解析·翻译
【46】
v?原句：(46
) there is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.（32词）
v?译文：医学期刊中存在许多此类无稽之谈（1分），播送公司和非专业媒体报导后（0.5分），会引发我们对安康疑问的惊惧并激起时刻短的食疗热潮（0.5分）。
【47】
v?原句：(47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.（29词）
v?译文：如今的研讨岗位需要请求者宣告的论文数量（1分），是十年前同一岗位所需数量的两倍（1分）。
【48】
v?原句：(48) attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.（31词）
v?译文：为遏止该趋势我们已做出了一些测验，例如（1分），测验将一些质量和数量的衡量标准归入请求者论文的评价之中（1分）。
【49】
v?原句：(49) this would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.（36词）
v?译文：假定科学家没有简略在将来的出书物中引证自个的论文（1分），也没有为交流类似的优点而指派火伴为其这样去做（0.5分），那么该索引就是合理的（0.5分）
【50】
v?原句：(50) if we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.（25词）
v?译文：若想严肃保证科学既有意义又可再生（1分），咱们还有必要保证咱们的体系撑持这种科学才行（1分）。
section iii writing
part a
51. directions:
suppose you are working for the “aiding rural primary schools” project of your university…
do not?write the address. (10 points)
英语一·答案解析·小作文
【51】
v?原题：suppose you are working for the “aiding rural primary schools” project of your university. write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.
v?审题：征询的回复信
v?范文：
dear friend,
i am glad to receive your letter of may 20, 2021, in which you have asked information about “aiding rural primary schools” project. i am writing this letter to give my answers to you.
firstly, with respect to the basic requirements of volunteers, i would like to tell you that there is a chance that can be offered to international students and you are qualified for it. secondly, since you want to prepare some activities to help students with their spoken english, i have enclosed a list about the detailed arrangement of the project.
i hope that the above information can be helpful. and you could ask me at any time if there is other information you need.
sincerely yours,
li ming
part b
52. directions:
write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. in your essay, you should……
英语一·答案解析·高文文
【52】
v?范文：
it is vividly depicted in the picture that two youngster are standing in front of the huge mountain and wondering to climb over it. if we give it a closer watch, it is not difficult to figure out that being tired, one of them is hesitating to continue the course, while the other is encouraging his teammate with an idea that a short break will restore their physical and mental condition. what the drawing has implied is supposed to be paid further attention.
whether it is for an individual or a nation, positive attitude toward difficulties matters in our daily life. as a matter of fact, optimism and persistence largely contribute to the social progress and the country’s long-term stability. in addition, if one person adopts a positive attitude, he or she tends to reach the life goals. for instance, helen keller did not let the flower of her life wither away although the merciless illness left her deaf and blind. instead, she strived to gain knowledge and became a master of five languages, famous writer and educator.
given all the reasons, we ought to take efforts to promote and develop the fine quality. especially, the mass media should carry forward the right values vigorously and take the responsibility to awaken the public to the significance of optimism and persistence. only in this way can we enjoy the ultimate success.
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