2021考研英语一真题参阅答案【详解无缺版】(2021考研英语一难度)

原文联接:2021考研英语一真题参阅答案【详解无缺版】
  2021考研初试已根柢结束,为了协助我们非常好的进行靠后的收拾与总结, 比邻考研网为我们收拾了2021考研英语一真题参阅答案【详解无缺版】的内容,我们有需要可以细心进行查看。
  section i use of english
  1. 【c】few 词义分析题;此题查询考生关于前后文语境的掌控;首句中提出“今日咱们日子在一个gps体系,数字地图和其他导航使用程序都在咱们的智能手机上简略获取”。空格之后的语句与前面语义方向共同,再思考到句中的without a phone,可知,此处需要两层否定表达必定,所以,选择few,契合辞意;
  2. 【c】run 固定分配;此题查询与介词on的分配情况;run on battery标明手机运用电池得以运转;其他选项的分配为:put on(添加;假装;使…上场);take on(承担;呈现;具有;盛行);come on( 快点;初步;需求;表演;);语义分配不通畅,故选择run on分配;
  3. 【b】if 逻辑联络;此处查询逻辑联络。空格场地址句为“… 你在没有电话或攻略针的情况下迷路,…找不到北方,咱们有一些技巧可以协助你导航…文明”;前后句之间构成假定的逻辑联络,所以选择if;其他选项:since(因为,自从); though(尽管); until(直到) 代入后,不契合语义表达;
  4. 【d】literally词义分析题;空格场地址句为“假定你在没有电话或攻略针的情况下迷路,…找不到北方,咱们有一些技巧可以协助你导航…文明”;literally标明的确地,真实地;契合语义表达;其他选项:formally(正式地);relatively(相对地);gradually(逐步地)不契合语义表达;
  5. 【a】back词义分析题;出题处的语义表达“咱们有一些技巧可以协助你导航…文明”,只需back 与前文的lost(迷路)构成彼此照顾,故而选择back;
  6. 【b】off 词义分析题;空格地址句说到“为当你发现自个…途径。 但不是完全…的
  区域。你需要答复两个疑问:在这个特别区域中,哪个..是下坡路?哪里有迩来的水源?”
  因而,根据句意表达,off(远离, 脱离)契合句意;其它选项:onto(在…之上;对…晓得);across (穿过,根穿),alone (独白地,单独地),故选择off;
  7. 【d】unfamiliar 词义分析题;根据出题处的语义表达,“为当你发现自个…途径。 但不是完全…的区域”,语义分配,unfamiliar更契合需求;其他选项:unattractive (不招引人的);
  uncrowded (晦气挤的,宽广的);c选项unchanged (未改动的,无改变的);不契合语义表达;
  8. 【c】way词义分析题;根据出题处的语境表述“你需要答复两个疑问:在这个特别区域中,哪个…是下坡路?哪里有迩来的水源?”因而只需way契合需求;其他选项:site(地址;方位;场所);point(要害;得分;标点);place(当地;居处;坐位),不契合句意表达;
  9. 【a】so逻辑联络题;出题句指出“日子在山谷里的人,根柢上需要淡水为生,…假定你下山,沿着水走,你会发现人类的踪影…”,此处语义逻辑很显着,查询因果逻辑联络;故选择so,其它选项:yet(可是,可是); instead(反而,替代); besides(此外,而且);不契合句义需求;
  10. 【d】eventually 词义分析题;出题句提及“…假定你下山,沿着水走,你会发现人类的踪影…”,只需eventually(最终,总算)契合标题需求,语义通畅;其它选项:immediately (当即,马上);intentionally(成心肠,有意地);unexpectedly(出人意料地);不契合语义表达,故打扫;
  11. 【a】surprised词义分析题;出题句提及“假定你之前去过这个当地,必定要留心了解表象,你或许会…快速辨认出一块特征显着的石头或许树木来引发你的回想”;此处只需surprised契合标题需求;其他选项带有显着的贬义颜色,故不契合;
  12. 【b】option词义分析题;这篇文章第一段中说到“假定你在没有电话或攻略针的情况下迷路了,而且你真的找不到北方,咱们会有一些技巧可言协助你回到文明社会”,此处查询的当地就是前文提及的“另一个…:登到高处寻找有人类居住的标志”;只需option(选择)契合句义及情感颜色需求;
  13. 【d】for example逻辑联络题;出题句前后构笼统到具体的例子联络(前文说到“另一个选择就是登高寻找有人类居住的标志”,与后文的look for signs构成笼统到具体的进程),故选择for example;
  14. 【c】spot 词义分析题;此题需凭仗前面的语义内容及逻辑联络辅佐做题;此处需填入的动词和look for 语义附近,故选择spot(发现),契合语义表达;其他选项:bridge(架桥,渡过);avoid(避开,消除);separate(分隔);不契合语义需求;
  15. 【b】through词义分析题;分析:本题为语义题及固定分配题,查询carve与woods之间的联络,根据常识可知,路大约是穿过森林开凿出来的,故本句意为穿过森林开凿出的公路,故b选项through为正确答案。
  16. 【d】breaks语义分析题;本题为语义题,根据上一句信息,因为人为缘由此构成的gaps in the tree line,不难判别,朝着有树木缺口的当地走,就能找到出去的路,故d选项breaks为正确答案。
  17. 【a】artificial词义分析题及逻辑联络题;因题干中such as标明举例联络,故咱们首要根据比方信息可以判别文中fires and streetlights可以断定火与街灯的一起特征是人工光源,故本题a选项artificial为正确答案。
  18. 【a】finally 语义题;文章后边指出假定你在人类常去的当地迷路,寻找咱们在地上上留下的······,因前文现已举例阐明晰几种情况,如当你在一个并非完全不了解的环境中迷路······,可知此处应是最终一种假定情况,故本题a选项finally为正确答案。
  19. 【b】mark词义分析题;根据常识,在人类常去的当地,地上上必定有许多标志,故寻找咱们在地上上留下的标志,在此处更契合辞意,故本题b选项marks为正确答案。
  20. 【c】lead词义分析题;路途上的树皮刻痕、轮胎印和其他特征可以指引你去有人迹的当地,此外,本题处的单词大约与前文中的navigate同义,故本题c选项lead为正确答案。
  section ii reading comprehension
  part a
  text 1
  21.【a】enhance banker而其他的选项则与最 佳选项无缘,在定位区间中没有相应的对应信息。
  22.【d】 "short-termism" in economic activities;细节题。题干中的定位信息在“alfred marshall”上,直接定位到第二段的第二句“he quotes a giant of classical economies, alfred marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting…”,定位信息里的“this financial impatience”则是回指第二段首句的“short-termism”,故信息点则为“short-termism”,所以最 佳选项则为"short-termism" in economic activities,而其他选项在定位信息中未提及;
  23.【b】 adverse;细节题。此题的定位信息为题干的“transient investment”,直接定位到第三段的第二句“transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”,从四个选项的褒贬正负来看indirect、minimal 和temporary为中性的表述,只需b选项的adverse为清楚的负面表达,意思为“晦气的”,与原文中的“hinder”(阻止打扰)对应上。
  24.【c】the approaches to promoting "long-termism" ;例子题。根据题干的具体信息定位,美国和法国的比方是用来支撑啥观念。原文的第五、六段则供给了具体的信息,第五段中美国推迟发放才就任一年支配的高管绩效补助,继而推进减轻“短期主义”盛行的现状;第六段则提及在法国持股两年以上者具有更大的选票权。所以,最 佳选项应为“推进长时刻主义的办法”,与原文共同;
  25.【b】patience as a corporate virtue;主旨题。题干中的title为标题题的信息,所以此题查询的是文章的主旨粗心;b 选项里的patience可以对应到全文中重复呈现的主题词“short-termism”和“long-termism”,corporate本身在文章中呈现多次,所以b 选项则为迩来标题,体现主旨粗心;其他选项均不能归纳全文,故打扫。
  text 2
  26.【d】the influence of consumer culture;细节题。根据题干中的要害词grade inflation 可以定位到首段第一句话,此句话的语句骨干:“grade inflation is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education.” 题干中的be regarded as对应原文中的is considered,题干中的the cause of(后边接成果)与原文中的a product of (前边接成果)都标明因果联络。选项d中consumer是原文中的复现,其他选项都不具有烦扰性,因而答案选择d。
  27.【a】to help freshmen adapt to college learning;细节题。根据题干中的要害词,咱们只能定位到文章的第二段,可是第二段讲的是grade forgiveness具体是啥,并没有提?囊馔迹缓蠼酉驴吹谌蔚氖拙洌氏至藅his little-known practice指的就是grade forgiveness。而且题干中的the original purpose对应原文中的在第三段第二句话: “when this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.”选项a中的freshmen是原词复现,help是对应原文中的give them a second chance,adapt to对应原文中的struggled in their transition to,college learning对应原文中的college-level courses。因而答案为a。
  28.【a】obtain more financial support;细节题。根据题干中的要害词paragraph 5、grade forgiveness和colleges可以定位到第五段的第一句,即grade forgiveness可以满足学生的需要,可是对应选项并没有对应的答案,所以接着往下看,说到了国家基金与他们的成功有关,得到非常好地分数意为这拿到更多的钱。选项a中的financial support指的就是state funds。因而答案为a。
  29.【c】to be identical with each other;猜词题。根据题干,可以定位到第六段最终一句话:“on this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.”所以解题的要害是找到this指代的内容。this指代的是前一句话,即:因为学生和家长都期望经过大学学历来找作业,所以学校的最 佳利益是尽可以地把学生培育成有才能担任的人,或许至少看起来是那样。由此可以的出学生和学校的方针是共同的,选项c中的be identical with标明的是与……相同,因而答案为c。
  30.【b】analyzing the causes behind it;主旨题。题干的字面意思是作者是经过啥样的方法来查验grade forgiveness的实习操作,可是是查询文章的主旨,归于主旨题。阅览每段的期间粗心句,可以得出文章首要说明的是grade forgiveness的缘由。因而答案为b。
  text 3
  31.【c】involves some concerns raised by ai today; 经过题干mary shelly’s novel frankenstein及题文同序原则可定位至文章第一段,在该段尾句,fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come. 此句中 ethical questions 可同义替换题干中的concern。故c为正选。
  32.【d】is too limited for us to reproduce it;观念细节题。可经过要害词consciousness 回订亲位至原文第2段尾句有些:we are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there. 可知咱们将知道写入机器的才能是有限的,因为没有好的理论可以说明。
  33.【b】is still beyond our capacity;根据题干要害词可定位至文章第3段,ai “vision”today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.and to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.该句说到:当下,人工智能的思维还不能抵达人类的精密程度,去让机器去预设每一种驾御景象是一个困难的编程疑问。由此阐明,去向置人工智能所带来的道德疑问,是在人类的才能规模之外的。
  34.【a】affirmation;情绪题 ,根据题干中的 the author’s attitude ,谷歌’s pledges.回订亲位到第8段,,最初while转机,while the statement is vague, 与vague相反的就是观念,所以标明正向情感的词就是正解。affirmation标明断定。
  35.【c】frankenstein, the novel predicting the age of ai;主旨题。这篇文章首段经过引证mary shelley的书引出这篇文章要谈论的论题新技能所引发的道德疑问。特别是在最终一段指出ai所触及的道德疑问现已触手可及。全篇复现了ai和conscience这两个要害词,所以答案选c
  text 4
  36.【c】 make more online shoppers pay sales tax;本题为细节题,根据题干要害词“the supreme court decision thursday”定位到原文第一段“states will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a supreme court decision thursday that …”前半句现已清楚提出各州的在线购物可以要交税,对应选项c,原词“ online”加“ shoppers”对“purchase”的同义替换。其他三个选项均为提及。
  37.【d】were considered up favorable by states;根据题干“learned”可知本题为推理题,根据要害词“the overruled decisions ”定位到原文第二段的两句,粗心为“州政府诉苦早年的方针使每年税收丢掉沉重,因而早年的方针很难再收取网上运营税”两句标明出的意思都是对州政府的晦气,比照四个选项,得出答案d,州政府认为原方针对州会晦气,因而驳回这项抉择会对州有有利,为正话反说。
  38.【c】harmed fair market competition;本题为细节题,根据题干要害词“justice anthony kennedy”“the physical presence rule”定位到原文第四段的第二句和第三句,粗心为实体店规则致使州政府税收亏本,接着下一句kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented from on an even playing field.”该规则捆绑了州政府长时刻昌盛,并阻止商场参加者参加公正竞赛。比照四个选项,d选项为?鸹盗斯坛【喝焙驮摹癱ompeting”“ market participant”逐个对应,为正确答案。
  39.【b】big-chair owners;根据题干“likely”得出本题为推理题,使用要害词“welcome the supreme court ruling”定位到原文第五段第一句“ the ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since….”关于大公司来说这项规则是一种成功,因为…,只需找到要害词 “big chain”即可选出b选项:大型连锁公司。
  40.【d】cities some cases related to it and analyzes their implications;本题为主旨题,需找出作者的相应观念与证明,根据题干要害词in dealing with the supreme court decision thursday”回想每段首尾句,估测每段粗心,第一段叙说最高法院经过了征收在线运营税的抉择,第二段介绍之前的判决及成果是对州政府晦气的,第三段介绍了正本判决触及到的事例,第四段铺排了法官的观念,即早年的判决是有疑问的,第五段首要叙说新断定会对大型连锁超市发生有利的影响,第六段叙说新判决对州外卖价的影响,第七段标明新的断定得到零售界的必定,因而这篇文章的思路为:首段引出新断定,二三四段罗列有关事例,五六七段对其影响进行叙说,比照四个选项,得出d:作者在叙说这个断守时引证了有关事例并分析了他们的影响。
  part b
  41. e [in his 1936 work how to win friends and influence people , dale carnegie wrote: “there is only one way…to get the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it.]
  期间排序解题若首段未给出,首要需要我们通读悉数选项首句话,本句首句话中的句间联接联络打扫选首段。本篇文章中,a选项第一句话中富含指代联络词these 故根据该词断定本选项直接打扫,b选项有of cause联接上下文的词呈现,d选项可以作为首段的可以选项,e选项也可以作为首段的可以选项,g选项首句中富含better way比照级,故本题的答案应在d或e选项中得出,根据d选项人物carnegie和e选项人物dale carnegie的称号特征,可以得知初度呈现应为全名方法,故本题的答案应为e选项。
  42. d [carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them.]
  首段为carnegie的观念信息,故下段复现应为该人物的观念承受,故经过扫读剩下的选项可知该题只需d选项可以承受。
  43. g [there is a better way to win arguments. ]
  该题上一段最终一句话为“none of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win — in one way.”可知these tricks是对上文信息的否定,下文大约复现win arguments的必定的表述,根据选项分析可知g选项首句there is a better way to win arguments.正好与f选项尾句构成首尾联接。
  44. b [of course, many discussions are not so successful. still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. ]
  该题上段为g段,尾句叙说的是 now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers. 而根据联接可断定g段叙说的是成功的谈论,b选项首句not so successful正联接上文,转机叙说不成功的事例。
  45. a [these tools can help you win every argument–not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. ]
  上段c选项中 next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. spell out their argument fully and charitably. assess its strength impartially. raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.最终这几句话首要讲的是有关于说话的四种办法,正好与a选项首句中的these tools 构成照顾联络,故本题答案应为a选项。
  part c
  translation
  (46) there is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.
  考点:there be句型、定语从句、状语从句、词义选择
  规划分析:富含定语从句和状语从句的复合句。语句骨干为:there is a great deal of this kind of nonsense. in the medical journals为介词短语作状语润饰骨干内容,其间名词journals又带有一个由which引导的定语从句,which 指代nonsense, 而定语从句中又富含一个由when引导的状语从句,从句层层包裹,构成复合句,翻译时留心理清从句间的联络。
  参阅译文:医学期刊中由许多类似的无稽之谈,这些说法一旦被播送公司和新闻媒体报导,就会引发安康惊惧和时刻短的饮食热潮。
  (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.
  考点:分词短语作定语、被逼语态、比照规划
  规划分析:富含分词规划和定语从句的复合句。语句骨干为:nowadays anyone … has to have published twice the number of papers….其间,“applying for a research post”为如今分词短语作定语润饰anyone,“that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago”为定语从句润饰papers, “twice the number of…”为比照规划。
  参阅译文:如今,任何请求研讨职位的人都有必要宣告两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。
  (48) attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.
  考点:被逼语态、刺进语、介词短语作状语、词义选择、语序调整
  规划分析:本句为主谓规划的简略句。语句骨干为:attempts have been made….其间,“to curb this tendency”和“by…”别离为不定式短语和介词短语作状语润饰语句骨干内容。
  参阅译文:我们现已做出尽力来遏止这种趋势,例如,将质量和数量标准归入请求者的论文评价中。
  (49) this would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.
  考点:状语从句、虚拟口气、同位语从句
  规划分析:本句为富含状语从句的复合句。骨干为:this would be reasonable…;“…that scientists can…”为that引导的同位语从句说明阐明fact内容。“arrange to cite ….“和”get associates to do so…“为动宾规划并排和前面名词scientists构成主谓宾规划。
  参阅译文:假定不是因为科学家们可以很简略地在将来的出书物中引证自个,或许让火伴为他们这样作以交流类似的优点,这将是合理的。
  (50) if we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.
  考点:状语从句、宾语从句
  规划分析:本句为富含状语从句和宾语从句的复合句。骨干为:…we must ensure that…其间,“if we are serious about…”为条件状语从句,“ensuring that …”为如今分词规划作介词宾语;“…that our institutions encourage that kind of science”为ensure引导的宾语从句。
  参阅译文:假定咱们的确要保证咱们的科学既有意义又可再生,那么咱们有必要保证咱们的机构鼓舞这种科学的前进。
  section ⅲ writing
  part a
  【参阅范文】
  dear friend,
  i am greatly pleased to receive your letter and i am writing to you to express my sincere hope that i can offer you some details about the project of aiding rural primary school, the details are as follows.
  in the first place, the aim of this project is to help rural children in a poor financial condition to improve their english, which needs you make an english teaching plan in advance. in the second place, this project will be held at june, lasting about 15days, therefore it is essential for you to prepare some clothes and daily necessities.in the last place, importance should be attached to the role played by the language due to the fact that there is a few people understanding english, which needs you a

re capable of speaking basic chinese.
  i wish my introduction could satisfy your requirement, and look forward to discussing more details with you.
  yours sincerely,
  li ming
  【参阅范文译文】
  亲爱的兄弟:
  我很开心收到你的来信,我写这封信首要是为你具体介绍一下关于“协助村庄大学”项意图信息,细节如下:
  首要,这个项目是为了协助村庄家庭条件不好的孩子前进他们的英文水平,需要你提前做一份英语教育方案,其次这个项目将在6月进行并将持续15天,因而你需要预备一些衣物和日用百货。最终,因为当地的人根柢不理解英语,所以你最 好学习一些汉语的根柢表达。
  我期望我的介绍答复了你想晓得的疑问,等待和你谈论更多的细节。
  你最真挚的,
  李明
  【标题点评】
  本年的小作文考得首要是关于一个项意图介绍,并给这位自愿者回信,那么这篇小作文可以写介绍信,在之前的考试中也有类似的论题,所以辜傻仍是很简略的。第一段首要表达一下自个收到来信的心境并表达一下自个这封回信的意图,第二段可以打开对项目进行介绍,比方项意图方针、布景、时刻或许地址等,也可以拓宽一些自个会写的内容,第三段就是常规的客套,期望这封回信能 到对方或许在将来能与对方进行进一步的谈论。只需你有作文规划和思路,这篇作文仍是很简略拿高分的。
  part b
  【参阅范文】
  the cartoon provides us with a thought-provoking scene: two men are climbing a hill, but one of them desires to give up due to tiredness, while the other one encourages him to keep going.
  undoubtedly, the cartoonist aims at reminding us of the significance of persistence. at the top of the list, we should attach importance to perseverance mainly due to that it can enable us to ameliorate ourselves so we can be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meeting the forthcoming challenges.what’s more, we ought to place a high value on the role played by persistence in personal growth. put it another way, in this ever-changing world, perseverance is to personal growth what water is to fish. to sum up, if persistence misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.
  hence, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from the above cartoon. for one thing, we should frequently use it to enlighten the young. for another, we should cultivate the awareness of teenagers that it is very vital to keep going toward our goals. only by doing so, can we become winner in the face of difficulties.
  【参阅范文译文】
  这个漫画给咱们呈现了一个发人沉思的景象:两人正在爬山,可是其间一自个因为疲惫想要扔掉,而另一自个鼓舞他持续下去。
  毫无疑问,图像的作者旨在提示咱们坚稳健要性。首要,咱们大约注重坚持,首要是因为坚持可以让咱们完善本身,这样咱们将来才有资历得到作业生计的前进,才干做好预备迎候今后的应战。另外,咱们也大约注重坚持在自个生长方面的作用。在这个多变的年代,坚持关于自个生长就像水关于鱼相同重要。 换言之,假定咱们以任何可以的方法无视坚持,咱们将遭受非常无量的丢掉。因而,从以上图像中得出活泼的意义非常重要。一方面,咱们大约常常用它来启迪年青人。另外一方面,咱们大约培育青少年注重坚持的知道。只需这样,咱们才干变成困难面前的赢家。
  【标题点评】
  一方面,“坚持”这个论题可以说是考研英语写作传统论题,早在2004年就考过坚持体裁的漫画:“结束又是新起点”,本年的考题再次验证重复研读真题的重要性;另外,坚持论题微观上归于自个成功质量类论题。另一方面,这次作文的难点首要会集在图像描绘和主题词的书写上,只需考前安心备考的同学都能顺畅作答。全体而言,2021考研英语(一)高文文归于难度适中的标题。
  考试结束,我们可以恰当的进行放松了, 比邻在这儿预祝我们都能考得一个好成果,如愿读上自个喜爱的学校。更多考研资讯,请重视微信大众号:【 比邻考研心思】、【 比邻教育学考研】。

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