2021年考研英语阅览了解题源报刊《经济学人》中英文双语精读版-机器…(2021年考研英语一作文)

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全文字数：1472字
阅览时刻：13分钟
across several studies involving hundreds of participants, obeng and her coauthors found that customers perceive point-of-sale solicitations as a violation of their social contract with the retailer—a contract built on the principle of reciprocity, whereby the two parties equally contribute to and benefit from the exchange.
在触及数百名参加者的几项研讨中，奥本和她的合著者发现，顾客认为零售点需求募捐的行为违背了他们与零售商之间的社会契约——一种树立在互利原则基础上的契约，即两边在生意中对等地付出和获益。
《本期内容》
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导读
丹尼尔·萨斯坎德曾在与父亲理查德合著的《专业人士的将来》中谈到机器人替代人类作业的疑问。这本书偏重谈论机器学习对医生和律师等作业的挟制。他的新书视角广泛得多，谈论了主动化对经济和社会全体的影响。
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双语阅览
in the 21st century the concerns have switched to robots andartificial intelligence(ai); 30% of american workers believe their jobs are likely to be replaced by robots and computers in their lifetime.
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21世纪，我们的关怀点现已转向了机器人和人工智能（ai）；30%的美国工人认为自个有生之年很可以会被机器人和核算机替代。
in the past the relationship between machine and human labour has been driven by two factors: the substituting effect, which caused people to lose jobs, and the complementing effect, which allowed employees to do their work more productively. the author worries that, in the future, the substituting effect will dominate.
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曩昔，机器和人类劳作力之间的联络由两个要素驱动：一是致使我们赋闲的替代效应，一是让职工前进功率的互补效应。作者忧虑，在将来，替代效应将占主导。
advancesin ai have been so rapid that machines will eventually be better than people at most activities, he says, and so will be the “defaultchoice” for performing them. a few highly paid humans will still be employed, but the rest will either struggle to find work or fall into the “precariat”, stuck in jobs that are not just poorly paid but unstable and stressful.
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他认为，人工智能的前进如此之快，致使于机器究竟将在大大都活动上都优于人类，因而使用人工智能将是“默许选择”。少量高收入人群仍然会有作业，但其他的人要么很难找到作业，要么沦为“危在日夜族”，困在薪水低、不平稳、压力大的岗位上。
this gloomy view of the impact of technology is plausible. but so is a more optimistic outlook, as the economist roger bootle showed in “the ai economy: work, wealth and welfare in the robot age”, published last year. mr bootle argued that ai and robotics would improve productivity and economic growth, andreleasepeoplefromperforming the mosthumdrumtasks. as for employment, there will always be demand for services with the human touch, just as there is an appetite for “artisanal” loaves as well as sliced white bread.
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翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码进行打卡，答案下期发布~布特尔认为，人工智能和机器人技能将前进出产率和影响经济增加，并把我们从最单调的作业中解放出来。至于作业疑问，我们对人道化效能的需要老是存在的，就像除了吃切片方包，他们也要吃“手工”面包。
which of these visions is right? recent history has notvindicatedeither the optimists or the pessimists. employment has surged in both

america and britain, suggesting that technology has not led to widespread labour replacement.
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那么，衷耘嗦测中哪个是正确的呢？近期的前史并没有证明旷达主义者和绝望主义者孰是孰非。美国和英国的作业都在激增，这标明技能还没有致使广泛的劳作力替代。
这篇文章节选自：the economist（经济学人）
发布时刻：2021.02
原文标题：robots may well take your job—eventually
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词汇堆集
1.advance

英 [dvns] 美 [dvns]

n. 预先、提前（在…发生之前）、打开、行进（尤指兵士）、预付款、（价格、价值的）上涨（尤指证券生意）、求爱、撩拨
vi. 行进（尤指兵士）、使…发展、（价格、价值）上涨（尤指证券生意）、把（挂钟）拨快
vt. 提前、提前、预付
adj. 预先的、先行的

2.default

英 [dflt] 美 [dflt]

n. 债款违约、拖欠、（核算机、软件等的）体系默许状况、常规做法
vi. 债款违约、拖欠、默许、预设、因未参加而撤消…参赛资历

3.precariat

英 /precariat/ 美 /precariat/

n. 危在日夜族、风险工人、无产阶层

4.humdrum

英 [hmdrm] 美 [hmdrm]

adj. 单调的、庸俗的

5.vindicate

英 [vndket] 美 [vndket]

vt. 证明…无辜（无罪）、维护、辨明、证明…正确

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词组分配
1.artificial intelligence 人工智能
2.release … from 清除、豁免、开释
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写作句总结
in the 21st century the concerns have switched to robots and artificial intelligence (ai); 30% of american workers believe their jobs are likely to be replaced by robots and computers in their lifetime.
规划:the concerns have switched to…
我们的关怀点现已转向了…
例句:the concerns have switched to the development of vaccine.
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打卡作业
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