【考研英语】同源文详解131期算法或优于一声,却非万能药(考研英语题型)

ii ①hancock is right that technology has great potential to improve the quality of our healthcare – and save moneyinto the bargain. ②but it won’t be apanacea,and it raises a number of issues our society must deal with now.

iii ①take artificial intelligence: there are already numerous examples of how it is enhancing the medical profession. ②examples include robot-assisted surgery,virtualnursing assistants that could reduce unnecessary hospital visits and lessen the burden on medical professionals, and technologies that enable independent living by identifying changes in usual behaviour which need medical assistance.

iv ①but ai also poses clear ethical challenges. ②until recently, patients would go to a doctor, explain their symptoms and the doctor would attempt to provide a diagnosis. ③but increasingly, patients now arrive having done their research online, all set to suggest on a diagnosis, to which the medic has to respond. ④doctors tell that this game of catch-up andpartialrole-reversal is alreadyskewingthe relationship of trust. ⑤in addition to this, we now havealgorithm-based diagnostics. ⑥this means medical knowledge is no longer based on what the doctor themselves has studied and learned.

v ①algorithms can support decision-making by medical professionals, and often outperform the doctor. ②we are seeing this with cancer detection, and other fields where close observation of the patient data can create much more precise and personalised medicine, and provide earlier diagnosis. ③for example, the analysis of an individual’s touchstrokeson their mobile phone could show up parkinson’s because their texting speed decreases over time.

vi ①as we start to see these possibilities asfantasticrather thanfantastical, we must also be aware of unintended consequences. ②what impact would doctors increasingly coming to rely on algorithms have on the body of medical knowledge? ③and how do wemitigatethe risk that algorithms may not be sufficiently sensitive to everything going on in a patient’s life? ④for example, a patient with a high level of anxiety and stress may suffer an impact that no machine is able to capture. ⑤algorithms will also have to be assessed to ensure they are not biased against certain groups, especially as they make decisions which may have very long-lasting consequences on individuals.

vii ①there are also ethical issues around the use of patient data. ②this allows us to study what we haven’t yet noticed, and deal with prevention and disease management in a very different way. ③we will be able to identify medical conditions way before we do now by collecting a huge amount of data, including on people’s habits, and thus be able to put in place prevention mechanisms for children and family members. ④but patients must have a say in how their data is used. ⑤the fact that something is possible from a technical perspective does not mean we must do it. ⑥ultimately, patients will need to decide if and to what extent they want to be observed and predicted, and how they want their personal information to be used. ⑦atick-box exercisewill notsuffice, ascompliancewon’t be enough when it comes to confidence and trust in the machine.

viii ①there are lots of challenges ahead for ai. ②thetrickiestis getting the ethics right. ③machines are machines and we must not humanise them. ④when we bring them in, it must be to enhance our humanity – and this can only be done if both patients and doctors are engaged to help shape the future of medicine.

ii ①hancock is right that technology has great potential to improve the quality of our healthcare – and save moneyinto the bargain. ②but it won’t be apanacea, and it raises a number of issues our society must deal with now.
翻译：汉考克说的对，科技在前进咱们的医疗质量方面有无量潜力——还可以省钱。但它并非万能药，它致使了许多当今社会急需处置的疑问。
点评：段ii引出论题——科技推进医疗打开，节约资金，也引发许多疑问。①阐明科技可以前进医疗质量、节约资金。②转而（but）指出科技会引发许多疑问。

iii ①take artificial intelligence: there are already numerous examples of how it is enhancing the medical profession. ②examples include robot-assisted surgery,virtualnursing assistants that could reduce unnecessary hospital visits and lessen the burden on medical professionals, and technologies that enable independent living by identifying changes in usual behaviour which need medical assistance.
翻译：以人工智能为例：早已有许多事例标明它是如何推进医疗作业的打开的。比方：机器人辅辅佐术，可以削减无谓进医院次数、减轻医疗人员担负的虚拟维护助理，还有一些技能经过辨认需要医疗协助的往常行为改变，使独立日子变成可以。
点评：段iii举例阐明人工智能对医疗作业的助益作用。①句总述人工智能可以推进医疗作业的打开。②举例阐明人工智能对医疗作业的助益作用。

iv ①but ai also poses clear ethical challenges. ②until recently, patients would go to a doctor, explain their symptoms and the doctor would attempt to provide a diagnosis. ③but increasingly, patients now arrive having done their research online, all set to suggest on a diagnosis, to which the medic has to respond. ④doctors tell that this game of catch-up andpartialrole-reversal is alreadyskewingthe relationship of trust. ⑤in addition to this, we now havealgorithm-based d

iagnostics. ⑥this means medical knowledge is no longer based on what the doctor themselves has studied and learned.
翻译：可是人工智能也带来了显着的道德应战。直到迩来，患者都仍是去医院，阐明表现，然后医生企图供给确诊。可是如今越来越多的患者,现已先在网上结束了他们的研讨、预备提出确诊主张，而医生则有必要对此做出回答。医生说，这种追逐游戏、必定程度上的人物倒置早已歪曲了信赖联络。此外，咱们如今还有根据算法的确诊。这意味着医疗常识现已不再是根据医生的所学所知。
点评：段iv转机指出人工智能带来的道德应战——损坏医患信赖。①总述人工智能带来显着的道德应战。②③④经过就诊方法的改变，阐明科技致使医患信赖歪曲。⑤⑥引出科技在医疗作业的另一使用：根据算法的确诊。

v ①algorithms can support decision-making by medical professionals, and often outperform the doctor. ②we are seeing this with cancer detection, and other fields where close observation of the patient data can create much more precise and personalised medicine, and provide earlier diagnosis. ③for example, the analysis of an individual’s touchstrokeson their mobile phone could show up parkinson’s because their texting speed decreases over time.
翻译：算法可以撑持医疗人员的抉择计划，而且常常比医生做的非常好。这一点在癌症检测以及其他领域得到印证，在其他领域亲近调查患者的数据可以创建愈加精确和特性化的医学，更早供给确诊。例如，对一自个在手机上的触屏打字进行分析，可以使帕金森症现身，因为帕金森患者发短信的速度会跟着时刻的推移而降低。
点评：段v阐明根据算法的确诊存在的优势。①总述根据算法的确诊可以做得比医生更超卓。②③举例阐明根据算法的确诊的优势地址。

vi ①as we start to see these possibilities asfantasticrather thanfantastical, we must also be aware of unintended consequences. ②what impact would doctors increasingly coming to rely on algorithms have on the body of medical knowledge? ③and how do wemitigatethe risk that algorithms may not be sufficiently sensitive to everything going on in a patient’s life? ④for example, a patient with a high level of anxiety and stress may suffer an impact that no machine is able to capture. ⑤algorithms will also have to be assessed to ensure they are not biased against certain groups, especially as they make decisions which may have very long-lasting consequences on individuals.
翻译：当咱们初步将这些可以性视为“绝妙”而非“幻想”时，咱们也有必要知道到一些意外的成果。假定医生初步越来越依靠算法，这对医学常识体系会有啥影响？此外，算法可以无法对患者日子中发生的悉数都满足活络，咱们如何减轻这样的风险？例如，一个处于高度焦虑和压力下的患者可以会受就任何机器都无法捕捉到的影响。算法还有必要进行评价，以保证它们不会对某些集体发生成见，特别是在它们做出可以对自个发生耐久影响的抉择计划时。
点评：段vi阐明根据算法的确诊可以带来的疑问。①总述咱们需要知道到算法可以带来的成果。②③④⑤举例阐明根据算法的确诊可以存在的疑问。

vii ①there are also ethical issues around the use of patient data. ②this allows us to study what we haven’t yet noticed, and deal with prevention and disease management in a very different way. ③we will be able to identify medical conditions way before we do now by collecting a huge amount of data, including on people’s habits, and thus be able to put in place prevention mechanisms for children and family members. ④but patients must have a say in how their data is used. ⑤the fact that something is possible from a technical perspective does not mean we must do it. ⑥ultimately, patients will need to decide if and to what extent they want to be observed and predicted, and how they want their personal information to be used. ⑦atick-box exercisewill notsuffice, ascompliancewon’t be enough when it comes to confidence and trust in the machine.
翻译：环绕“运用患者数据”还存在一些道德疑问。患者数据的运用让咱们可以研讨咱们没有留心到的东西，并以一种非常不一样的方法应对避免和疾病打点。经过搜集很大都据，包富含关我们习气的数据，咱们将可以比如今更早断定身体情况，然后可认为儿童和家庭成员实施避免机制。可是患者有必要对他们的数据如何运用有讲话权。从技能视点讲某件事有可以并不料味着咱们有必要这样做。从根柢上说，患者需要抉择他们是不是、以及在多大程度上期望被调查和猜测，以?瞧谕愿龅淖愿鲂畔⒈蝗绾卧擞谩Ｒ桓龃蚬床倭肥遣豢傻模蛭贝ゼ暗蕉曰鞯木鲂暮托爬凳保袷厥遣豢傻摹?br>
点评：段vii指出另一疑问——运用患者数据的道德疑问。①总述运用患者数据存在道德疑问。②③让步招认患者数据的重要作用：避免和疾病打点。④⑤⑥⑦转机（but）指出患者数据如何运用应由患者来抉择。
注释：tick-box 打勾框，tick-box exercise操练在方框里打勾，可以引申为强行做某事。

viii ①there are lots of challenges ahead for ai. ②thetrickiestis getting the ethics right. ③machines are machines and we must not humanise them. ④when we bring them in, it must be to enhance our humanity – and this can only be done if both patients and doctors are engaged to help shape the future of medicine.
翻译：人工智能面临着许多应战。最扎手的是如何正确处置道德疑问。机器就是机器，咱们不能对它们赋予人道。当咱们将其带入（医疗作业）时，必需要强化咱们的人道知道——只需当患者和医生都参加进来，协助描写医学的将来，才干做到这一点。
点评：段viii总结呼吁，人工智能面临许多应战，医患一起参加，才干处置疑问。①②总结人工智能面临最扎手的应战是道德疑问。③④呼吁医患一起参加，描写医学将来。