2008年考研英语阅览真题及解析【第一篇】(2008年考研英语一阅读答案)

passage1注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。????????while still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “women are particularly susceptible(易生病的，易受影响的)? to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to dr. yehuda, chief psychiatrist at new york’s veteran’s administration hospital.
????????studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones(hormones激素，荷尔蒙) somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. in several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(ovary [动]卵巢，[植]子房)? (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
????????adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals((这儿简略误解成：女人会服用更多剂量的压力的药品,看下列详解)), are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “it’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. it’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says dr. yehuda. “their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out(wear out精疲力尽)? from it more visibly and sooner.”
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1.a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals，假定这儿是女人服用更多剂量的压力药，这就说明不通，假定是服用药的话，大约是服用降压药，而不是服用升压药。所以这儿是指女人添加的更多的压力的化学物质。
2.it’s not necessarily that 主语 +dont do sth 这儿翻译成，“未必主语不做sth”或许“不是必定主语不做sth”。?
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????????dr. yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “i think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. the kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot(一次性的，字面意思就是“一发子弹”)deals. the wear-and-tear(磨损，字面意思就是“磨损和撕裂”，wear有穿的意思，还有磨损的意思) that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating(消除性的，极具损坏力的).”
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1.devastating消除性的，极具损坏力的。也极好记：de向下+vast无量的=陨落（向下）+庞然大物（无量的）=庞然大物陨落=极具损坏力的，使庞然大物都能陨落。
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????????adeline alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “i struggled a lot to get the college degree. i was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “it’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. i lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
????????not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses alvarez describes. but most women today are coping with a lot of obligations((法令上或道义上的)责任,责任), with few breaks, and feeling the strain. alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

一、文章规划分析这篇文章介绍了压力对女人安康构成的负面影响，并分析其缘由。
第一段和第二段首要阐明男女因为生理上的差异，在相同的情况下面临压力时，女人可以更简略发生焦虑和沮丧；
第三段使用叶胡达医生的研讨作用阐明女人简略在压力面前体现出焦虑的缘由：因为她们面临的压力比男性要多得多；
第四段指出男女面临的压力品种不一样：女人面临的压力大多来自家庭内部且常常发生，而男性所面临的压力则大多是战争和具有偶尔性的动态情况；
第五段是对第四段的一个举例阐明；
最终一段指出在压力危及安康之前将其予以减轻的重要性。

21. which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
[a] women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.
[b] women are still suffering much stress caused by men.
[c] women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.
[d] men and women show different inclinations when faced with stre

ss.
21．根据前两段可知下面哪项正确？
[a] 女人生理规划抉择其在压力面前更为脆弱。
[b] 女人仍然忍耐着男性施加的压力。
[c] 在应对压力方面女人比男性更有经历。
[d] 面临压力时女人和男性体现出不一样的倾向。

22. dr. yehuda’s research suggests that women.
[a] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress
[b] have limited capacity for tolerating stress
[c] are more capable of avoiding stress
[d] are exposed to more stress
22．耶胡达医生的研讨标明女人 。
[a] 需要额定剂量的化学物质来处置压力
[b] 在忍耐压力方面才能有限
[c] 更能避免压力
[d] 遭受更多的压力

23. according to paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be.
[a] domestic and temporary
[b] irregular and violent
[c] durable and frequent
[d] trivial and random
23．根据第四段，女人面临的压力一般是 。
[a] 家庭内部的、暂时的
[b] 无规则的、暴力的
[c] 长时刻的、频频的
[d] 琐碎的、偶尔的

24. the sentence “i lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (line 5, para. 5) shows that.
[a] alvarez cared about nothing but making money
[b] alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses
[c] alvarez got paychecks from different jobs
[d] alvarez paid practically everything by check
24．第五段第五行的语句“i lived from paycheck to paycheck”标明 。
[a] 阿尔瓦雷兹只关怀挣钱
[b] 阿尔瓦雷兹的收入几乎不能满足家庭开支
[c] 阿尔瓦雷兹经过不一样的作业挣薪水
[d] 阿尔瓦雷兹几乎都运用支票付款

25. which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[a] strain of stress: no way out?
[b] response to stress: gender difference
[c] stress analysis: what chemicals say?
[d] gender inequality: women under stress
25．下面那一项是这篇文章最佳的标题？
[a] 压力的捆绑：无路可逃？
[b] 对压力的反应：性别差异
[c] 压力分析：化学物质起作用
[d] 性别不对等：压力下的女人

二、中心词汇与超纲词汇1. catch up 追上，赶上，补上
2. chronic a. 长时刻的，缓慢的
3. diffuse v. 分布，传达；涣散
4. dose n. 一次服的药量；一份
5. expose v. 使露出；提示；使遭受
6. function n. 功用；效能
7. observe v. 恪守，奉行；调查
8. one-shot a. 只发生一次的
9. sphere n.球形；天体；规模，领域
10. stressed-out a. 极度焦虑的，非常严峻的
11. susceptible a. 活络的，易受感动的
12. wear-and-tear n. 损耗，磨损
13. wear out 磨损，用坏；筋疲力尽
三、阅览答案：a d c b d四、全文翻译：? ????????尽管在现代日子的某些方面女人仍在尽力追逐男性，但至少在一个不太好的方面，女人显得遥遥抢先。据纽约退伍武士打点医院的首席精力病医生耶胡达说，“在面临压力时，女人比男性更易患抑郁和焦虑症”。
????????对动物和人类的研讨标明：性激素以某种方法影响压力反应，使雌性在承受压力时比处于平等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。一些研讨闪现，假定将承受压力抵达极限的雌鼠的卵巢(雌性生殖器官)切除，那么其体内的化学反应会和雄鼠相同。
????????使女人因压力发生的化学物质增多的疑问愈加严峻的是，她们承受压力的“机缘”越来越多。耶胡达医生说，“这未必是因为女人不能调度压力，而只是因为她们承受的压力太多”。耶胡达医生还说，“女人忍耐压力的才能甚至可以比男性更强，但只是因为她们应对的作业太多致使于疲惫得更快更显着。”
????????耶胡达医生还留心到了两性间的另一种不一样。“我认为女人应对的作业一般具有长时刻性、重复性特征。男性参加战争，承受战争压力，那更多的是偶尔的身体上的暴力。而女人遭受的人际间的暴力却多发生在家庭内部，意外的是这种暴力来自于父母或其他家庭成员，且一般都不是一次性的。这些长时刻的人际联络发生的冲突具有很大损坏力。”
????????阿德琳·阿尔瓦雷兹 18 岁成婚并育有一子，但她却抉择要结束大学学业。“为了获得大学学位我拼命尽力。我的日子极端不满足，上学、获得前进、做得非常好变成我脱节实际窘境的途径。”后来，她离了婚，成了独身母亲。“照看一个十来岁的孩子、找作业、交房租、养车、还账款。为了生计，我有必要不断地挣钱。”
????????并不是每一自个都像阿德琳·阿尔瓦雷兹相同承受这种长时刻严峻的压力。可是如今大大都的女人都承担着许多责任，很稀有放松的时分，感到身心俱疲。阿尔瓦雷兹的阅历阐明，在压力影响到你的安康和日子才能之前寻找途径予以减轻是恰当重要的。