2000年上海外国语大学英语言语文学考研真题(2000年上海外滩)

1、2000年上海外国语大学英语言语文学考研真题i. cloze (20%) fill in each blank with a word or phrase that is grammatically and semantically appropriate. please write your answers on the answer sheet. acts of sabotage are very important. it is necessary to distinguish (1)_ between sabotage, revolutionary- and highly effect

2、ive method of warfare, and terrorism, a (2)_ that is generally ineffective and indiscriminate in its results, (3)_ it often makes victims of innocent people and destroys a large number of lives that would be valuable to the revolution. terrorism should be considered a valuable tactic (4)_ it is used

3、 to put to death some noted leader of the oppressing forces well known for his cruelty, his efficiency in repression, (5)_ any other quality that makes his (6)_ useful. (7)_ the killing of persons of small importance is never advisable, (8)_ it brings on an increase of reprisals, including deaths. t

4、here is one point very much in controversy in opinions about terrorism. many consider that its use, by provoking police repression, hinders (9)_ more or less legal or semi-clandestine contact with the masses and makes impossible unification for actions that will be necessary at a critical moment. th

5、is is correct; but it (10)_ happens that in a civil war the repression by the governmental power in certain towns is already- so great that, in fact, every type of legal action is suppressed (11)_, and any action of the masses that is not supported by arms is (12)._. it is (13)_ necessary to be circ

6、umspect in adopting methods of this type and to consider the consequences that they may bring for the revolution. (14)_, well-managed sabotage is always a very effective arm, (15)_ it should not be employed to put means of production out of action, leaving a sector of the population paralyzed (and t

7、hus without work) (16) _ this paralysis affects the normal life of the society. it is ridiculous to carry out sabotage against a soft drink factory, (17)_ it is absolutely correct and advisable to carry out sabotage against a power plant. in the (18)_case, a certain number of workers are put out a j

8、ob but (19)_ is done to modify the rhythm of industrial life; but this is entirely justified by the paralysis of the life of the (20)_. ii. sentence matching (20%) match a sentence in the left column with one in the right column. the sentences to be paired up should be coherent in meaning. please wr

9、ite your answers on the answer sheet. in nursery lore a verse or tradition, learnt 1. in early childhood, is not usually passed on again until the little listener has grown up, and has children of his own 2. the other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife. 3. t

10、he. male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of tentativeness. 4. into this happy world the nineteenth century, brought two new facts: the breech-loading rifle

11、and the british government. 5. as the embodiment of majesty and earthly power, louis was popular. 6. australia has also given great attention to recruiting people elsewhere. 7. the gorilla is something of a paradox in the african scene. one thinks one knows him well. 8. the governments avowed aim, h

12、owever, is to maintain “a substantially homogeneous society into which newcomers, from whatever sources, will merge themselves”. 9. the form of attack of a guerrilla army is also different. 10. there are a good man), objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of mens status. a. by and large, there

13、fore. australia still prefers british migrants, and tends to be rather less selective in their case than it is with others. b. the period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be anything from twenty to seventy years. c. it has two aspects; that of the wife who is more of a succes

14、s than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. d. the french were delighted with him, and other european peoples were impressed. e. what decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the womans response. yet

15、the fact is we know very little about them. g, the first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. h. they decided that the country had an excellent potential source of applicants among the so-called “guess workers” who have crossed their own frontiers to work in othe

16、r parts of europe. i. in the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman prime minister, in india, ceylon and israel. j. starting with surprise and fury, irresistible, it suddenly converts itself into total passivity. supplying the missing parts (10%) there are two parts omi

17、tted in this short essay. they can be either a paragraph or sentences. supply the missing parts so that the whole essay forms a unified whole. please write them on the answer sheet thumbing a lift the missing part to fulfill the first requirement you must have some mark to distinguish you at once fr

18、om all other hikers. a soldier, for instance, should wear his uniform. in a foreign country an unmistakable indication of your own nationality will also arrest a drivers attention. when l hitchhiked 9500 miles across the united states and back recently i wore a well-tailored suit, a bowler hat and a

19、 trench coat, and carried a pencil-thin rolled black umbrella. my suitcase was decorated with british flags. having plenty of luggage, moreover, i was not likely to be suspected of being a dangerous lunatic. i then had to get across to the driver the idea that i was a real traveller, and needed to g

20、et somewhere cheaply. but even with careful preparation, you must not assume that the task will be easy. you should be prepared to wait a little, for there are drivers who confess to a fierce prejudice against, not to say hatred of, hitch-hikers, and would no more pick up a hiker than march from lon

21、don to manchester. in america, my average wait was half an hour, and my longest two hours, but i have heard of people waiting all day; they presumably took less pains to make themselves conspicuous. the missing part on one occasion i found myself driving with two boys of about nineteen who turned ou

22、t to be on the run from the police, and were hoping to use me as an alibi: there are also lesser risks: you may find yourself in the car of a religious fanatic, or just a bad driver. you cannot tell, of course, until you are in the car. but you soon learn .the art of the quick excuse that gets you o

23、ut again. if the hitchhiker in the us will remember that he is seeking the kindness of drivers to give him a free ride, and is prepared to give in exchange entertainment and company, instead of going to sleep, he will come across the remarkable, almost legendary, hospitality of the american of the w

24、est. it will also help if he can drive i think that i drove myself about 4500 of those 9500 miles i hitchhiked in the states. iv. reading comprehension (20%) there are four passages with a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. read the passages carefully and then choose the one correct answer. plea

25、se write your answers on your answer sheet. text a an active-minded woman of the early nineteenth century was sometimes not content to confine her interest and labour to her husband and children. her surplus energies found their most easily available and socially approved outlet in some kind of char

26、itable and religious work, since everyone assumed that women are soft-hearted, humane, and pious, with strong religious leanings. a lady could easily find outlets in such obvious activities as decorating the pastors study, carrying baskets to the poor, sewing for missionaries, or taking flowers to t

27、he sick. on a slightly more impersonal basis, she might work in one of the many philanthropic movements of the period. she might attend inspirational meetings, and help to raise funds, as by a bazaar, for such good causes as consoling prisoners, helping the aged, or providing for widows. greatest se

28、ntimental interest seemed to go to orphans. alternatively, instead of using her spare time in alleviating suffering, the energetic lady might harness her enthusiasm in support of one of the many crusades designed to improve society. 1. with what subject is the passage mainly concerned? (a) women and

29、 the church in the nineteenth century. (b) the relationship between poverty and politics. (c) a historical perspective of politics. (d) activities and interests of 19%century women. 2. according to the passage, why did some women devote much of their time to charity? (a) impoverished people requeste

30、d their help. (b) they wanted to be more than homemakers. (c) they were not interested in reading. (d) their ministers sought their assistance. 3. according to the passage, most women in the nineteenth century, were thought to be (a) poor and sickly. (b) angry and rebellious. (c) religious and human

31、itarian. (d) timid and helpless. 4. which of the following can be inferred about the women described in the passage? (a) they” were poor and needed work to help support their families. (b) they were middle-class and were looking for money to pay for luxuries. (c) they had enough money and generously

32、 donated their time and efforts. (d) they would have preferred working full-time to alleviating suffering. 5. the passage mentions all of the following as good deeds performed by women except (a) travelling abroad as ambassadors for their country. (b) giving support and comfort to orphans. (c) makin

33、g ministers offices more attractive. (d) helping women whose husbands died. text b at birth, the infant has only the most elementary emotional life. newborns show an expression of disgust, for example, in response to strong tastes, and show surprise in reaction to sudden change. they also show inter

34、est, which developmental psychologists consider an emotion in its own right. by ten months, infants display the full range of what are considered the basic emotions: joy, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise, and fear. the emergence of the basic emotions during the first year or two of life seems to be

35、 programmed by a biological clock for brain development. as the appropriate brain maturation occurs, the various emotions appear in an infants repertory. for example, studies of brain activity in ten-month-olds show that the right frontal regions are more active during positive emotions, and the lef

36、t during negative emotions. 6. which of the following is the best title for the passage? (a) measuring infant intelligence and brain development. (b) brain maturation and emotional growth in infants. (c) stimulating the development in infant emotions. (d) positive and negative emotions in infants. 7

37、. the phrase “in its own right” is closest in meaning to which of the following? (a) legally. (b) in fact. (c) in itself. (d) on the other hand. 8. in the second paragraph, the author uses the analogy of a clock to emphasize which of the following generalizations about infants emotional behaviour? (

38、a) it emerges rapidly. (b) it has a complex pattern. (c) it develops with predictable regularity. (d) it may change from one minute to the next. 9. which of the following statements about ten-month-old infants is best supported by the passage? (a) their various emotional responses are difficult to d

39、iscriminate. (b) their emotional range is wider than that of newborns. (c) their behaviour is affected only by positive emotions. (d) their brain activity is greater when they are happy. 10. the ideas in the passage are divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast (a) emotional development at tw

40、o stages of infancy. (b) two areas of the brain involved in emotional development. (c) the development of two emotions in infants. (d) two methods of measuring emotional development. text c something about naples just seems made for comedy. the name alone conjures up pizza, and lovable, incorrigible

41、 innocents warbling “0 sole mio”; a nutty, little comer of the world where the id runs wild and the only answer to the question “why?” appears to be “why not?”naples: the butter-side-down of italian cities, where even the truth has a strangely fictitious tinge. one day a car rear-ended one of the ci

42、tys minibuses. the bus driver got out to investigate. while he stood there talking, his only passenger took the wheel and drove off. neither passenger nor bus was ever seen again. then there was that busy lunch hour in the central post office when a crack in the ceiling opened and postal workers wer

43、e overwhelmed by an avalanche of stale croissants. as the cleaners hauled away garbage bags of moldy breakfast rolls, the questions remained: who? why? and what else could still be up there? but naples actually isnt so funny. italys third largest city, with 1.1 million people, has a much darker side

44、, where chaos reigns: bag snatching and mugging, clogged streets of stupefying confusion, where traffic moves to mysterious laws of its own through multiple intersections whose traffic lights havent functioned for months, maybe years – if they have lights at all. packs of wild dogs roam the citys ma

45、in park. nineteen policemen on the anti-narcotics squad are arrested for accepting payoffs from the camorra, the local mafia. to many italians, particularly those in the wealthy, industrialized north, none of this is surprising. to them naples means political corruption, wasted federal subsidies, ra

46、mpant organized crime, appallingly large families, and cunning, lazy people who prefer to do something shady rather than honest work. nepolitans know their reputation. “people think nothing ever gets done here,” said a young professional woman. “sometimes they say, surely you come from milan. you co

47、me from naples? naples?” giovanni del forno, an insurance executive, told me about his flight home from a northern italian city, the plane waited on the tarmac for half an hour for a gate to become available. “and i began to hear the comments around me: well, here we are in naples,” he said with a w

48、ince. “these comments make me suffer.” neapolitans may complain, but most cant conceive of

living anywhere else. the city has the intimacy, tension, and craziness of a large but intensely devoted family. the people have the same perverse pride as new yorkers. they love even the things that dont work

49、, and they. love being neapolitans. they know outsiders dont get it, and they dont care. “even if you go away”, one woman said, “you remain a prisoner of this city. my city has many problems, but away from it i feel bad.” this is a city in which living on the brink of collapse is normal. naples has

50、survived wars, revolutions, floods, earthquakes, and eruptions of nearby vesuvius. first a wealthy colony founded by the greeks (who called it neapolis, or “new city”), then a flourishing roman resort it lived through various incarnations under dynasties of normans, swabians austrians, spanish, and

51、french, not to mention a glorious period as the resplendent capital of the kingdom of the two sicilies. it was a brilliant, cultivated city that once ranked with london and paris. the nunziatella, the oldest military school in italy, still basks in its two centuries of historic glory; the teatro san

52、 carlo remains one of the greatest opera houses in the world. the treasures of pompeii grace the national museum. stretched luxuriantly between mountains and sea along the curving coast of the bay of naples, full of ornate palaces, gardens, churches, and works of art, with its mild climate and rich

53、folklore, naples in the last century was beloved by artists and writers. the most famous response to this magnificence was the comment by an unknown admirer, “see naples and die.”today that remark carries less poetic connotations. the bombardments of world war ii were followed by the depredations of

54、 profiteers and politicians-for-rent who reduced the city to a demoralized shadow of itself, surviving on government handouts, until five years ago city governments were cobbled together by warring political factions; some mayors lasted only a few months. a cholera outbreak in 1973 was followed in 1

55、980 by a major earthquake. its famous port has withered (though the u.s. sixth fleet command is still based just up the coast), industries have failed, tourists have fled, natives have moved out – it seems that only drug trafficking is booming. “unlivable,” the neapolitans say. “incomprehensible”. “

56、martyred”. 11. the two examples in the second and third paragraphs intend to show that (a) naples has a high incidence of traffic accidents. (b) anything extraordinary can happen in naples. (c) people there love to store food for years, (d) everything appears to be on the wrong side. 12. the followi

57、ng words are appropriate to describe traffic conditions in naples except (a) disorder. (b) overcrowding. (c) insecurity. (d) inefficiency. 13. it can be concluded from the passage that the northerners (a) are critical of what naples represents. (b) sympathize with neopnlitans. (c) share many things

58、with neopolitans. (d) make every effort to shun neopolitans. 14. the author implies that neopolitans affection for the city (a) was unrealistic. (b) went a bit too far. (c) was extraordinary. (d) gave rise to concern. 15. when the author says “today that remark carries less poetic connotations,” he

59、actuallymeans that (a) the city can now boast very few poets. (b) artists and writers have left for london and paris. (c) the city underwent heavy, bombing during the war. (d) the citys present problems obscured its glorious past. text d laymen suspect that because colds are self-limiting, short, no

60、n-fatal infections, doctors do not take them very seriously. nobody will think this after reading sir christopher andrewess book. an american survey has shown that each year every employed person loses three to four working days from colds and allied complaints, and every school child loses five to

61、six days of schooling. colds waste more time than strikes. the conquest of the common cold is therefore a thoroughly worthwhile ambition. until 1961 sir christopher andrewes was in charge of the medical research councils common cold research unit at salisbury, and he writes as one of the worlds expe

62、rts when hedescribes the patience, the frustrations, the ingenuity and occasional flashes of true scientific genius which have characterized the careers of the workers who have set out to tackle what has turned out to be a real brute of a problem. the great killing infections like syphilis or poliom

63、yelitis are each caused by one specific micro-organism, or, at worst, a small group of closely related parasites. by contrast it has slowly become apparent that the common cold is not a disease but a large group of similar diseases, caused possibly, by anything between fifty and one hundred differen

64、t organisms. much of sir christophers book is taken up by an account of the struggle to identify, the germs which do cause colds. at first it was thought that bacteria were responsible because certain bacteria are commonly found in the noses and throats of cold victims. the first evidence that a virus might be concerned was obtained in 1914 when dr. w. kruse of the hygienic institute of the university of leipzig took some of the discharge from the nose of an assistant with a cold in the head, diluted the discharge in saline, and